Ancient RNA virus epidemics through the lens of recent adaptation in human genomes.
Ancient RNA virus epidemics through the lens of recent adaptation in human genomes.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0575
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发表时间：
2020-11-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Petrov DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enard D;Petrov DA
在过去几百万年的进化过程中，人类可能已经被数百甚至数千种流行病所困扰。人们对这种古老的流行病知之甚少，对当前的致病威胁缺乏深刻的进化观点。对过去流行病的研究在时间范围上通常局限于有记录的历史，而在物理范围上则局限于留下足够DNA的病原体，例如大瘟疫期间的鼠疫耶尔森菌。然而，宿主基因组提供了一种间接的方法来检测超越当前时间和物理限制的古代流行病。与病原体的军备竞赛通过驱动许多基因的大量适应，塑造了宿主的基因组，这些信号可用于检测和进一步表征古代流行病。在这里，我们检测了发生在过去大约5万年的古代病毒流行在1000基因组计划中所代表的26个人群中留下的基因组足迹。通过在大约4500个与特定类型病毒相互作用的宿主基因座中富集适应信号，我们提供了证据，证明RNA病毒在不同人群中驱动了特别大量的适应事件。这些结果表明，不同类型的病毒可能在人类进化过程中施加了不同的选择压力。了解这些过去的选择压力将为当前的致病威胁提供更深层次的进化视角。这篇文章是“从古代生物分子透视健康和疾病”主题的一部分。
Over the course of the last several million years of evolution, humans probably have been plagued by hundreds or perhaps thousands of epidemics. Little is known about such ancient epidemics and a deep evolutionary perspective on current pathogenic threats is lacking. The study of past epidemics has typically been limited in temporal scope to recorded history, and in physical scope to pathogens that left sufficient DNA behind, such as Yersinia pestis during the Great Plague. Host genomes, however, offer an indirect way to detect ancient epidemics beyond the current temporal and physical limits. Arms races with pathogens have shaped the genomes of the hosts by driving a large number of adaptations at many genes, and these signals can be used to detect and further characterize ancient epidemics. Here, we detect the genomic footprints left by ancient viral epidemics that took place in the past approximately 50 000 years in the 26 human populations represented in the 1000 Genomes Project. By using the enrichment in signals of adaptation at approximately 4500 host loci that interact with specific types of viruses, we provide evidence that RNA viruses have driven a particularly large number of adaptive events across diverse human populations. These results suggest that different types of viruses may have exerted different selective pressures during human evolution. Knowledge of these past selective pressures will provide a deeper evolutionary perspective on current pathogenic threats. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1262110
发表时间：
2015-05-08
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
GTEx Consortium
通讯作者：
GTEx Consortium
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fu Q;Hajdinjak M;Moldovan OT;Constantin S;Mallick S;Skoglund P;Patterson N;Rohland N;Lazaridis I;Nickel B;Viola B;Prüfer K;Meyer M;Kelso J;Reich D;Pääbo S
通讯作者：
Pääbo S
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Galtier N
通讯作者：
Galtier N
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Breman, Joel G.;Heymann, David L.;Johnson, Karl M.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Karl M.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
MCDONALD, JH;KREITMAN, M
通讯作者：
KREITMAN, M