The best time to acquire new skills: age-related differences in implicit sequence learning across the human lifespan.
The best time to acquire new skills: age-related differences in implicit sequence learning across the human lifespan.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01150.x
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nemeth D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janacsek K;Fiser J;Nemeth D
内隐技能学习不仅是获得运动技能的基础，也是个体一生中获得认知和社会技能的基础。然而，人类内隐学习能力的个体发生变化尚未被表征，因此，它们在发育过程中有效获取新知识的作用是未知的。我们调查了这种学习在整个生命周期，在4-85岁之间的隐式概率序列学习任务，我们发现，隐式学习高与低概率事件的差异-通过原始反应时间（RT）测量-在12岁左右呈现出快速递减。准确性和z转换的数据显示部分不同的发育曲线，这表明在发育研究中的分析方法的重新评估。原始RT差异的减少支持传统的2阶段寿命技能获取模型的延长：除了早期研究中报告的60岁以上的下降外，对原始概率的敏感性以及因此获得新技能在青春期早期比在以后的生活中更有效。这些结果表明，由于青春期早期的发展变化，内隐技能学习过程中发生了显着的转变，加权原始概率与更复杂的解释的事件，这与适当的时机，被证明是一个最佳的策略，人类技能学习。
Implicit skill learning underlies obtaining not only motor, but also cognitive and social skills through the life of an individual. Yet, the ontogenetic changes in humans’ implicit learning abilities have not yet been characterized, and, thus, their role in acquiring new knowledge efficiently during development is unknown. We investigated such learning across the life span, between 4–85 years of age with an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task, and we found that the difference in implicitly learning high vs. low probability events - measured by raw reaction time (RT) - exhibited a rapid decrement around age of 12. Accuracy and z-transformed data showed partially different developmental curves suggesting a re-evaluation of analysis methods in developmental research. The decrement in raw RT differences supports an extension of the traditional 2-stage lifespan skill acquisition model: in addition to a decline above the age 60 reported in earlier studies, sensitivity to raw probabilities and, therefore, acquiring new skills is significantly more effective until early adolescence than later in life. These results suggest that due to developmental changes in early adolescence, implicit skill learning processes undergo a marked shift in weighting raw probabilities vs. more complex interpretations of events, which, with appropriate timing, prove to be an optimal strategy for human skill learning.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Feeney, JJ;Howard, JH;Howard, DV
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.26.1.246
发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Fletcher, J;Maybery, MT;Bennett, S
通讯作者：
Bennett, S