Anthropomorphism in Human-Robot Co-evolution.
Anthropomorphism in Human-Robot Co-evolution.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00468
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Dumouchel P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damiano L;Dumouchel P
社会机器人与拟人化有着特殊的关系，它既不认为这是一种认知错误，也不认为这是不成熟的标志。相反，它认为，这种共同的人类倾向，这是假设已经进化，因为它有利于早期人类之间的合作，今天可以用来促进人类和一种新型的合作和互动代理-社会机器人之间的社会互动。这种方法导致社会机器人将研究重点放在激活用户拟人化投射的机器人工程上。其目标是赋予机器人“社会存在”和“社会行为”，使人类用户能够与这些机器建立舒适和潜在的长期关系。这种选择“应用拟人论”作为研究方法的做法，使社交机器人产生的人工制品受到了伦理上的谴责：社交机器人被认为是一种“欺骗”技术，因为它们会让用户产生互惠的社交和情感关系的错觉。本文在这场辩论中采取了立场，不仅发展了一系列与心灵哲学，认知科学和机器人AI相关的论点，而且还提出了社会机器人技术可以教我们关于拟人化的问题。在此基础上，我们提出了一个理论视角，其特征在于拟人化作为一种基本的互动机制，并反驳了先验谴责“基于拟人化”的社会机器人的伦理思考。为了解决相关的伦理问题，我们提倡一种基于实验的伦理方法来研究社会机器人，即“合成伦理”，其目的是让人类使用社会机器人实现两个主要目标：自我认识和道德成长。
Social robotics entertains a particular relationship with anthropomorphism, which it neither sees as a cognitive error, nor as a sign of immaturity. Rather it considers that this common human tendency, which is hypothesized to have evolved because it favored cooperation among early humans, can be used today to facilitate social interactions between humans and a new type of cooperative and interactive agents – social robots. This approach leads social robotics to focus research on the engineering of robots that activate anthropomorphic projections in users. The objective is to give robots “social presence” and “social behaviors” that are sufficiently credible for human users to engage in comfortable and potentially long-lasting relations with these machines. This choice of ‘applied anthropomorphism’ as a research methodology exposes the artifacts produced by social robotics to ethical condemnation: social robots are judged to be a “cheating” technology, as they generate in users the illusion of reciprocal social and affective relations. This article takes position in this debate, not only developing a series of arguments relevant to philosophy of mind, cognitive sciences, and robotic AI, but also asking what social robotics can teach us about anthropomorphism. On this basis, we propose a theoretical perspective that characterizes anthropomorphism as a basic mechanism of interaction, and rebuts the ethical reflections that a priori condemns “anthropomorphism-based” social robots. To address the relevant ethical issues, we promote a critical experimentally based ethical approach to social robotics, “synthetic ethics,” which aims at allowing humans to use social robots for two main goals: self-knowledge and moral growth.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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