Apraxia in movement disorders.
Apraxia in movement disorders.
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运动障碍中的失用症。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Lang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Zadikoff;A. Lang
失用症的定义规定，不能用运动障碍患者典型的更基本的运动障碍来解释所进行的熟练运动的障碍。一般来说，这并不存在一个显着的诊断问题时，处理“更高级别”的praprazole障碍（如概念性失用症），但它可能是一个主要的混淆，在建立肢体运动失用症的存在。锥体外系疾病的大多数运动障碍特征，特别是运动迟缓和肌张力障碍，将损害建立构成该亚型的灵巧和灵巧丧失的存在的能力。术语“失用症”也被应用于其他运动障碍，如“步态失用症”和“眼睑张开失用症”，这可能是用词不当，表明在这个领域缺乏一个连贯的术语。失用症是皮质基底节变性（CBD）的标志，历史上这在运动障碍中受到了最多的关注。皮质基底节变性的特征是影响肢体功能的各种形式的失用症，特别是内脏失用症和肢体运动失用症，尽管也可能存在颊面和眼动失用症。帕金森综合征和突出性失用症的综合征，称为“皮质基底综合征”（CBS），可能由多种其他中枢神经系统病理引起，包括进行性核上性麻痹（PSP）、阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆和额颞叶痴呆。与CBS不同的是，PSP和帕金森病在选定的测试中可以表现出不同程度的失用症，特别是在那些有更严重认知功能障碍的患者中。引起失用症和原发性运动障碍的疾病通常涉及各种大脑皮质部位以及基底神经节结构。临床病理相关性和功能成像研究受到这种弥漫性受累和在面对额外的基本运动障碍时失用症临床评价中所经历的混乱的影响。最后，虽然失用症导致CBS患者明显的残疾，但尚不清楚在特定测试中发现的轻度意念失用症如何导致患者的整体日常运动残疾。
The definition of apraxia specifies that the disturbance of performed skilled movements cannot be explained by the more elemental motor disorders typical of patients with movement disorders. Generally this does not present a significant diagnostic problem when dealing with 'higher-level' praxic disturbances (e.g. ideational apraxia), but it can be a major confound in establishing the presence of limb-kinetic apraxia. Most motor disturbances characteristic of extrapyramidal disorders, particularly bradykinesia and dystonia, will compromise the ability to establish the presence of loss of dexterity and deftness that constitutes this subtype. The term 'apraxia' has also been applied to other motor disturbances, such as 'gait apraxia' and 'apraxia of eyelid opening', that perhaps are misnomers, demonstrating the lack of a coherent nomenclature in this field. Apraxia is a hallmark of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and historically this has received the most attention among the movement disorders. Corticobasal degeneration is characterized by various forms of apraxia affecting limb function, particularly ideomotor apraxia and limb-kinetic apraxia, although buccofacial and oculomotor apraxia can be present as well. The syndrome of parkinsonism and prominent apraxia, designated the 'corticobasal syndrome' (CBS), may be caused by a variety of other central nervous system pathologies including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementias. Distinct from the CBS, PSP and Parkinson's disease can demonstrate varying degrees of apraxia on selected tests, especially in those patients with more severe cognitive dysfunction. Diseases that cause the combination of apraxia and a primary movement disorder most often involve a variety of cerebral cortical sites as well as basal ganglia structures. Clinical-pathological correlates and functional imaging studies are compromised by both this diffuse involvement and the confusion experienced in the clinical evaluation of apraxia in the face of the additional elemental movement disorders. Finally, although apraxia results in clear disability in patients with the CBS, it is not clear how milder ideomotor apraxia found on specific testing contributes to patients' overall day-to-day motor disability.
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皮质基底节变性和进行性核上性麻痹中失用症的比较。
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Pharr,V;Uttl,B;Stark,M;Litvan,I;Fantie,B;Grafman,J
通讯作者：
Grafman,J
皮质基底节变性导致言语和吞咽障碍。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Frattali,CM;Sonies,BC
通讯作者：
Sonies,BC
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Wenger, KK;Musch, KL;Mink, JW
通讯作者：
Mink, JW
失用症的三维计算机图形分析。
DOI：
10.1093/brain/113.1.85
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
Brain : a journal of neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Poizner,H;Mack,L;Verfaellie,M;Rothi,LJ;Heilman,KM
通讯作者：
Heilman,KM
阿尔茨海默氏病的概念失用症。
DOI：
10.1093/brain/115.4.1061
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Brain : a journal of neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ochipa,C;Rothi,LJ;Heilman,KM
通讯作者：
Heilman,KM