Monitoring pencil beam scanned proton radiotherapy using a large format CMOS detector

Monitoring pencil beam scanned proton radiotherapy using a large format CMOS detector
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使用大幅面 CMOS 探测器监测笔形束扫描质子放射治疗

DOI:
10.1016/j.nima.2022.166703
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Flynn S
Flynn S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Flynn S

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笔形束扫描是用于癌症治疗的质子放射治疗的有效形式。小质子束被磁偏转以符合肿瘤形状,并利用布拉格峰以最大限度地减少沉积在健康组织中的剂量。与其他治疗方式相比,它提出了许多剂量测定挑战,需要新的质量保证方法以确保患者获得最佳治疗结果。采用互补金属氧化物半导体 (CMOS) 技术制成的位置敏感探测器 (PSD) 为原位和体内剂量测定提供了一种此类解决方案,并且不断开发可耐受高水平电离辐射的高分辨率成像面板。在使用脉冲激光系统确认探测器的线性度和 CMOS 技术的适用性后,伦敦大学学院医院 NHS 基金会信托 (UCLH) 质子束中心使用 220 MeV 质子束在临床束电流下对 vM2428 探测器(一种像素间距为 50 μm 的大幅面 CMOS 设备)进行了研究。质子束的形状被故意扭曲,以便在用于 QA 目的的故障查找场景中比较 vM2428 探测器和 EBT3 胶片光斑形状。对于固定光束,我们发现 vM2428 探测器能够在单帧(约 4 ms)内获取与 EBT3 胶片相当的 1D 和 2D 光束轮廓。然后将探测器暴露于相同光斑尺寸的横向位移光束(“点扫描”),模拟临床光束传输,并发现能够实时记录光束位移。测得点与点间距为 5.35±0.03 mm,与计划的 5.356 mm 一致。这些结果凸显了大幅面 CMOS 探测器在质子束治疗中的多功能性和潜力。
Pencil beam scanning is an effective form of proton radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Small beams of protons are magnetically deflected in order to conform to a tumour shape, and exploiting the Bragg peak in order to minimise dose deposited in healthy tissues. Compared to other therapy modalities, it presents many dosimetric challenges requiring new methods of quality-assurance to ensure the best patient outcome possible. Position Sensitive Detectors (PSD) made from Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology offer one such solution for in-situ and in-vivo dosimetry, with ongoing developments towards high resolution imaging panels that are tolerant to high levels of ionising radiation. After confirming the linearity of the detector using a pulsed laser system, the suitability of CMOS technology, the vM2428 detector, a large-format CMOS device with 50 μ m pixel pitch, was investigated at the University College Hospitals London NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) proton beam centre using a 220 MeV proton beam at clinical beam currents. The shape of the proton beam was intentionally distorted, enabling the comparison of the vM2428 detector and EBT3 film spot shapes in a fault-finding scenario for QA purposes. For stationary beams, it was found that the vM2428 detector was capable of acquiring 1D and 2D beam profiles comparable to EBT3 film within a single frame (≈ 4 ms). The detector was then exposed to laterally displaced beams of the same spot size (” spot scanning”) that emulates a clinical beam delivery and was found able to record the beam displacement in real time. The spot-to-spot separation was measured to be 5.35±0.03 mm, in agreement with the planned 5.356 mm. These results highlight the versatility and potential of large-format CMOS detectors to proton beam therapy.
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