Giving leads to happiness in young children.

Giving leads to happiness in young children.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0039211
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Dunn EW
Dunn EW
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aknin LB;Hamlin JK;Dunn EW

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合作的进化模型需要维持亲社会性的近似机制,尽管个体需要付出内在代价。亲社会行为之后经常出现的“温暖的光芒”可能提供了这样一种机制;如果是这样的话,这些情感上的好处可能在发育的早期就可以观察到。与这一假设相一致的是,目前的研究发现,在两岁之前,幼儿在给别人零食时比自己接受零食时表现出更大的幸福感。此外,孩子们在付出昂贵的代价后——放弃自己的资源——比免费给予同样的东西时更快乐。通过记录幼儿昂贵的亲社会行为的情感回报特性,本研究初步支持了在给予他人时体验积极情绪是人类合作的近似机制的说法。
Evolutionary models of cooperation require proximate mechanisms that sustain prosociality despite inherent costs to individuals. The “warm glow” that often follows prosocial acts could provide one such mechanism; if so, these emotional benefits may be observable very early in development. Consistent with this hypothesis, the present study finds that before the age of two, toddlers exhibit greater happiness when giving treats to others than receiving treats themselves. Further, children are happier after engaging in costly giving – forfeiting their own resources – than when giving the same treat at no cost. By documenting the emotionally rewarding properties of costly prosocial behavior among toddlers, this research provides initial support for the claim that experiencing positive emotions when giving to others is a proximate mechanism for human cooperation.
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