Microarchitecture of the tsetse fly proboscis.
Microarchitecture of the tsetse fly proboscis.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-017-2367-2
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发表时间：
2017-09-19
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hutchinson R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibson W;Peacock L;Hutchinson R
采采蝇（舌蝇属）是大型吸血双翅目蝇，是撒哈拉以南非洲人畜锥虫病的重要媒介。采采解剖学已经得到了很好的描述，包括详细描述了刺穿宿主皮肤和吸血的喙的功能解剖学。长鼻也是几种致病性家畜锥虫的发育部位，这些锥虫是用苍蝇唾液接种到宿主体内的。为了了解这些锥虫发育的物理环境，我们重新检查了采采蝇喙的微结构。利用光镜和扫描电镜对苍白蝇雄性和雌性的喙部进行了研究。从蝇头上取下每个喙，要么完整检查，要么解剖成三个组成部分：唇、唇和下咽。我们的光和扫描电镜图像重申了早期的观察结果，即采采喙是一种强大的武装武器，非常适合刺穿皮肤，并提供了G. pallidipes的比较数据。此外，图像显示下咽，这个将唾液输送到伤口部位的狭窄管道，末端是一个非常华丽和复杂的结构，大约有十个手指状的突起，每个突起都装饰着吸盘状的突起，这与之前描述的简单的、倾斜的末端像皮下注射针的描述相矛盾。手指状突起的功能是推测性的；它们看起来很灵活，可以保护下咽免受血液或微生物的流入，或控制唾液的流动。刚果锥虫在大草原定殖后检查长鼻。与殖民化开始于最靠近前肠的区域的观点一致，尽管在唇部的其他区域也发现了高密度，但在靠近球茎的唇部区域发现了最高密度的锥虫。在光镜和扫描电镜下，通过下咽薄壁可见锥虫。我们强调了采采鼻的显著结构，特别是下咽远端复杂的结构。需要进一步的工作来阐明这个有趣的结构的功能。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s13071-017-2367-2）包含补充材料，授权用户可使用。
Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) are large blood-sucking dipteran flies that are important as vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse anatomy has been well described, including detailed accounts of the functional anatomy of the proboscis for piercing host skin and sucking up blood. The proboscis also serves as the developmental site for the infective metacyclic stages of several species of pathogenic livestock trypanosomes that are inoculated into the host with fly saliva. To understand the physical environment in which these trypanosomes develop, we have re-examined the microarchitecture of the tsetse proboscis. We examined proboscises from male and female flies of Glossina pallidipes using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each proboscis was removed from the fly head and either examined intact or dissected into the three constituent components: Labrum, labium and hypopharynx. Our light and SEM images reaffirm earlier observations that the tsetse proboscis is a formidably armed weapon, well-adapted for piercing skin, and provide comparative data for G. pallidipes. In addition, the images reveal that the hypopharynx, the narrow tube that delivers saliva to the wound site, ends in a remarkably ornate and complex structure with around ten finger-like projections, each adorned with sucker-like protrusions, contradicting previous descriptions that show a simple, bevelled end like a hypodermic needle. The function of the finger-like projections is speculative; they appear to be flexible and may serve to protect the hypopharynx from influx of blood or microorganisms, or control the flow of saliva. Proboscises were examined after colonisation by Trypanosoma congolense savannah. Consistent with the idea that colonisation commences in the region nearest the foregut, the highest densities of trypanosomes were found in the region of the labrum proximal to the bulb, although high densities were also found in other regions of the labrum. Trypanosomes were visible through the thin wall of the hypopharynx by both light microscopy and SEM. We highlight the remarkable architecture of the tsetse proboscis, in particular the intricate structure of the distal end of the hypopharynx. Further work is needed to elucidate the function of this intriguing structure. The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2367-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Choumet V;Attout T;Chartier L;Khun H;Sautereau J;Robbe-Vincent A;Brey P;Huerre M;Bain O
通讯作者：
Bain O
DOI：
10.1111/j.1550-7408.1973.tb00909.x
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
VICKERMAN, K
通讯作者：
VICKERMAN, K
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
MacLeod, E. T.;Maudlin, I.;Welburn, S. C.
通讯作者：
Welburn, S. C.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
POPHAM, EJ;ABDILLAHI, M
通讯作者：
ABDILLAHI, M
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bouyer, Jeremy;Pruvot, Mathieu;Lancelot, Renaud
通讯作者：
Lancelot, Renaud