Nascent life cycles and the emergence of higher-level individuality

Nascent life cycles and the emergence of higher-level individuality
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新生的生命周期和更高层次个性的出现

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2016.0420
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Libby, Eric
Libby, Eric
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ratcliff, William C.;Herron, Matthew;Conlin, Peter L.;Libby, Eric

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当以前自主的生物体进化成为新的“更高层次”生物体的一部分时,就会发生个体性进化转变(ETI)。在ETI期间必须克服的第一个主要障碍之一是达尔文进化论在更高级别实体(例如多细胞群体)中的出现,以及达尔文自治在较低级别单位(例如单个细胞)中的丧失。在这里,我们研究如何简单的更高层次的生命周期是一个关键的创新,在ETI,允许这种转移的健身发生“免费”。具体来说,我们展示了新的生命周期如何产生并导致更高层次个体的起源,通过(i)减轻选择水平之间的冲突,(ii)产生可遗传的更高层次特征的表达,以及(iii)允许选择有效地作用于这些新出现的更高层次特征。此外,我们通过数学建模计算了典型的早期生命周期如何改变其修复有益突变的能力。缺乏持久的低水平阶段和克隆发展的生命周期更有可能修复限制进化回复到前ETI状态的“棘轮”突变。通过稳定个体进化过渡的脆弱的第一步,新生的更高层次的生命周期可能在复杂生命的起源中发挥关键作用。本文是主题问题“从细胞到社会的创新过程和模式”的一部分。
Evolutionary transitions in individuality (ETIs) occur when formerly autonomous organisms evolve to become parts of a new, ‘higher-level’ organism. One of the first major hurdles that must be overcome during an ETI is the emergence of Darwinian evolvability in the higher-level entity (e.g. a multicellular group), and the loss of Darwinian autonomy in the lower-level units (e.g. individual cells). Here, we examine how simple higher-level life cycles are a key innovation during an ETI, allowing this transfer of fitness to occur ‘for free’. Specifically, we show how novel life cycles can arise and lead to the origin of higher-level individuals by (i) mitigating conflicts between levels of selection, (ii) engendering the expression of heritable higher-level traits and (iii) allowing selection to efficiently act on these emergent higher-level traits. Further, we compute how canonical early life cycles vary in their ability to fix beneficial mutations via mathematical modelling. Life cycles that lack a persistent lower-level stage and develop clonally are far more likely to fix ‘ratcheting’ mutations that limit evolutionary reversion to the pre-ETI state. By stabilizing the fragile first steps of an evolutionary transition in individuality, nascent higher-level life cycles may play a crucial role in the origin of complex life.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Process and pattern in innovations from cells to societies’.
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发表时间: 2018
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影响因子: 5.4
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发表时间: 2011
期刊: Biological Theory
影响因子: --
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