The ability of primate lentiviruses to degrade the monocyte restriction factor SAMHD1 preceded the birth of the viral accessory protein Vpx.

The ability of primate lentiviruses to degrade the monocyte restriction factor SAMHD1 preceded the birth of the viral accessory protein Vpx.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2012.01.004
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发表时间:
2012-02-16
影响因子:
30.3
通讯作者:
Emerman M
Emerman M
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lim ES;Fregoso OI;McCoy CO;Matsen FA;Malik HS;Emerman M

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人类SAMHD1蛋白可有效限制树突状细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞中的慢病毒感染,但会被灵长类慢病毒蛋白Vpx拮抗,Vpx可使SAMHD1降解。然而,在8个灵长类慢病毒谱系中只有2个编码Vpx,而其旁系同源物Vpr在所有现存的灵长类慢病毒中都保守存在。我们发现,不仅多种Vpx,而且一些Vpr蛋白都能够降解SAMHD1,这种拮抗作用导致了在灵长类猕猴亚科中SAMHD1受到强烈的正向选择。在正向选择下进化的残基精确地决定了对Vpx/Vpr降解的敏感性并改变结合特异性。通过将这些功能分析叠加在Vpr和Vpx进化的系统发育框架上,我们能够解读慢病毒获得SAMHD1降解能力的时间顺序。我们得出结论,Vpr甚至在一个独立的vpx基因产生之前就新功能化以降解SAMHD1,从而引发了与SAMHD1的一场进化军备竞赛。
The human SAMHD1 protein potently restricts lentiviral infection in dendritic cells and monocyte/macrophages, but is antagonized by the primate lentiviral protein Vpx which targets SAMHD1for degradation. However, only two of eight primate lentivirus lineages encode Vpx whereas its paralog, Vpr, is conserved across all extant primate lentiviruses. We find that not only multiple Vpx but also some Vpr proteins are able to degrade SAMHD1 and such antagonism led to dramatic positive selection of SAMHD1 in the primate subfamily Cercopithecinae. Residues that have evolved under positive selection precisely determine sensitivity to Vpx/Vpr degradation and alter binding specificity. By overlaying these functional analyses on a phylogenetic framework of Vpr and Vpx evolution, we can decipher the chronology of acquisition of SAMHD1-degrading abilities in lentiviruses. We conclude that vpr neofunctionalized to degrade SAMHD1 even prior to the birth of a separate vpx gene, thereby initiating an evolutionary arms race with SAMHD1.
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