A decline in new HIV infections in South Africa: estimating HIV incidence from three national HIV surveys in 2002, 2005 and 2008.

A decline in new HIV infections in South Africa: estimating HIV incidence from three national HIV surveys in 2002, 2005 and 2008.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0011094
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发表时间:
2010-06-14
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Jooste S
Jooste S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rehle TM;Hallett TB;Shisana O;Pillay-van Wyk V;Zuma K;Carrara H;Jooste S

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2002年、2005年和2008年在南非进行了三次全国艾滋病毒家庭调查。2008年调查的一个新奇之处是增加了血清学检测以确定抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的使用情况。我们使用了一种经过验证的数学方法,利用2002年、2005年和2008年收集的具有全国代表性的艾滋病毒流行数据,估计了南非新的艾滋病毒感染率(艾滋病毒发病率)。2008年观察到的艾滋病毒流行水平根据抗逆转录病毒治疗对生存的影响进行了调整。据估计,2008年抗逆转录病毒疗法导致的艾滋病毒“超额”流行率在25岁及以上的女性和30岁及以上的男性中最高。在2002-2005年期间,15-49岁男性和女性的艾滋病毒发病率估计为每年每100名易感人群中有2.0例新感染(不确定范围:1.2-3.0/100pyar)。15-24岁女性发病率最高,为5.5/100Par(4.5-6.5)。在2005-2008年期间,15-49岁的男性和女性的发病率估计为1.3/100(0.6-2.5/100比亚尔),尽管2002-2005年的变化在统计上并不显著。然而,15-24岁年轻女性的发病率在同一时期下降了60%,降至2.2/100比亚尔,这一变化具有统计学意义。调查表明,避孕套的使用和对艾滋病毒状况的认识显著增加,特别是在年轻人中。我们的分析表明,如何使用在基于人口的调查中获得的艾滋病毒流行率的一系列衡量标准来估计国家艾滋病毒发病率。我们还表明有必要确定抗逆转录病毒疗法对观察到的艾滋病毒流行率水平的影响。对艾滋病毒发病率和抗逆转录病毒药物暴露的估计对于理清预防和治疗方案对艾滋病毒流行率的同时影响至关重要。
Three national HIV household surveys were conducted in South Africa, in 2002, 2005 and 2008. A novelty of the 2008 survey was the addition of serological testing to ascertain antiretroviral treatment (ART) use. We used a validated mathematical method to estimate the rate of new HIV infections (HIV incidence) in South Africa using nationally representative HIV prevalence data collected in 2002, 2005 and 2008. The observed HIV prevalence levels in 2008 were adjusted for the effect of antiretroviral treatment on survival. The estimated “excess” HIV prevalence due to ART in 2008 was highest among women 25 years and older and among men 30 years and older. In the period 2002–2005, the HIV incidence rate among men and women aged 15–49 years was estimated to be 2.0 new infections each year per 100 susceptible individuals (/100pyar) (uncertainty range: 1.2–3.0/100pyar). The highest incidence rate was among 15–24 year-old women, at 5.5/100pyar (4.5–6.5). In the period 2005–2008, incidence among men and women aged 15–49 was estimated to be 1.3/100 (0.6–2.5/100pyar), although the change from 2002–2005 was not statistically significant. However, the incidence rate among young women aged 15–24 declined by 60% in the same period, to 2.2/100pyar, and this change was statistically significant. There is evidence from the surveys of significant increases in condom use and awareness of HIV status, especially among youth. Our analysis demonstrates how serial measures of HIV prevalence obtained in population-based surveys can be used to estimate national HIV incidence rates. We also show the need to determine the impact of ART on observed HIV prevalence levels. The estimation of HIV incidence and ART exposure is crucial to disentangle the concurrent impact of prevention and treatment programs on HIV prevalence.
从HIV血清转化到死亡的时间:在高度活跃的抗逆转录病毒疗法之前对六个低收入和中等收入国家的八项研究进行了协作分析。
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