A single introduction of wild rabbits triggered the biological invasion of Australia.
A single introduction of wild rabbits triggered the biological invasion of Australia.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2122734119
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发表时间：
2022-08-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
生物入侵是一个重大的全球威胁，了解是什么促使其成功对于制定缓解政策至关重要。虽然入侵物种或环境的特性与生物入侵的成功有关，但遗传学的作用更具挑战性。结合基因组和历史数据，我们提供了这种联系，表明最具标志性的生物入侵之一是由一只引入澳大利亚的兔子引发的，由于它们的野生祖先，它们可能更好地适应了自然环境。在这一谱系到来之前，许多早期的引入未能传播，这表明引入个体的遗传组成在决定入侵成功方面发挥了至关重要的作用。生物入侵是环境和经济破坏的主要原因。虽然生态因素是其成功的关键决定因素，但遗传学的作用更难以证明。欧洲兔子对澳大利亚的殖民是有史以来最具标志性和破坏性的生物入侵之一。在这里，我们表明，尽管在70年的时间里有许多引入，但这种入侵是由几种动物的单一释放引发的，这些动物在整个大陆上传播了数千公里。我们发现了历史记载的遗传支持，这些是1859年由一位名叫托马斯奥斯汀的定居者进口的英国兔子，并将入侵种群的起源追溯到他在英格兰的出生地。我们还发现了其他引进的证据，建立了当地人口，但没有在地理上传播。结合基因组和历史数据，我们表明，与早期的引进，其中主要包括家养动物，入侵兔有野生祖先。在新西兰和塔斯马尼亚，兔子在被引入几十年后也成为一种害虫。我们认为，这些入侵的共同点是一个新的基因型，更好地适应自然环境的到来。这些发现表明，入侵个体的遗传组成如何决定一次引进的成功，并提供了一种机制，通过这种机制，生物入侵可能需要多次引进。
Biological invasions are a major global threat and understanding what promotes their success is crucial to developing mitigating policies. While properties of the invasive species or environment have been associated with the success of biological invasions, the role of genetics has been more challenging to demonstrate. Combining genomic and historical data, we provide this link by showing that one of the most iconic biological invasions was triggered by a single introduction of rabbits into Australia, which were likely better adapted to the natural environment due to their wild ancestry. Before the arrival of this lineage, numerous earlier introductions failed to spread, suggesting that the genetic composition of the introduced individuals played a crucial role in determining the invasion’s success. Biological invasions are a major cause of environmental and economic disruption. While ecological factors are key determinants of their success, the role of genetics has been more challenging to demonstrate. The colonization of Australia by the European rabbit is one of the most iconic and devastating biological invasions in recorded history. Here, we show that despite numerous introductions over a 70-y period, this invasion was triggered by a single release of a few animals that spread thousands of kilometers across the continent. We found genetic support for historical accounts that these were English rabbits imported in 1859 by a settler named Thomas Austin and traced the origin of the invasive population back to his birthplace in England. We also find evidence of additional introductions that established local populations but have not spread geographically. Combining genomic and historical data we show that, contrary to the earlier introductions, which consisted mostly of domestic animals, the invasive rabbits had wild ancestry. In New Zealand and Tasmania, rabbits also became a pest several decades after being introduced. We argue that the common denominator of these invasions was the arrival of a new genotype that was better adapted to the natural environment. These findings demonstrate how the genetic composition of invasive individuals can determine the success of an introduction and provide a mechanism by which multiple introductions can be required for a biological invasion.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Currat, Mathias;Ruedi, Manuel;Excoffier, Laurent
通讯作者：
Excoffier, Laurent
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
Veuille, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1801024115
发表时间：
2018-07-10
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Andersson, Leif
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Diagne, Christophe;Leroy, Boris;Courchamp, Franck
通讯作者：
Courchamp, Franck
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Danecek, Petr;Auton, Adam;Durbin, Richard
通讯作者：
Durbin, Richard