Impaired fixation to eyes following amygdala damage arises from abnormal bottom-up attention.
Impaired fixation to eyes following amygdala damage arises from abnormal bottom-up attention.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.025
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发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Adolphs R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy DP;Adolphs R
SM 是一名双侧杏仁核完全受损的患者，他无法将眼睛固定在脸上，因此识别恐惧的能力受到损害。在这里，我们首先复制了 SM 中的早期发现，即当看到整张脸时，对眼睛的注视会减少。对注视时间进程的检查表明，SM 减少的目光接触在第一次注视面部时尤其明显，而在随后的注视中则不太异常。在第二组实验中，我们使用了具有实时眼球追踪功能的面部注视相关呈现，其中只有面部的一小部分区域在注视中心可见。本质上，观众通过用目光在脸上移动小型探照灯来探索脸部。在这样的观看条件下，SM对脸部眼睛区域的注视变得完全正常化。我们认为这种效应是由于面部特征缺乏自下而上的效应而产生的，使得注视位置完全由自上而下的控制驱动。再加上 SM 在第一次扫视时未能主要将眼睛固定在整个面部，研究结果表明，眼睛的显着性通常以杏仁核依赖性方式吸引我们的目光。眼睛凝视受损也是几种精神疾病的一个显着特征，在这些疾病中，杏仁核被假设为功能失调，我们的发现和实验操作可能有望对此类人群进行干预，包括自闭症和脆性 X 综合征。
SM is a patient with complete bilateral amygdala lesions who fails to fixate the eyes in faces and is consequently impaired in recognizing fear. Here we first replicated earlier findings in SM of reduced gaze to the eyes when seen in whole faces. Examination of the time course of fixations revealed that SM’s reduced eye contact is particular pronounced in the first fixation to the face, and less abnormal in subsequent fixations. In a second set of experiments, we used a gaze-contingent presentation of faces with real-time eye-tracking, wherein only a small region of the face is made visible at the center of gaze. In essence, viewers explore the face by moving a small searchlight over the face with their gaze. Under such viewing conditions, SM’s fixations to eye region of faces became entirely normalized. We suggest that this effect arises from the absence of bottom-up effects due to the facial features, allowing gaze location to be driven entirely by top-down control. Together with SM’s failure to fixate the eyes in whole faces primarily at the very first saccade, the findings suggest that the saliency of the eyes normally attract our gaze in an amygdala-dependent manner. Impaired eye gaze is also a prominent feature of several psychiatric illnesses in which the amygdala has been hypothesized to be dysfunctional, and our findings and experimental manipulation may hold promise for interventions in such populations, including autism and fragile X syndrome.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Riby, Deborah M.;Hancock, Peter J. B.
通讯作者：
Hancock, Peter J. B.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05445.x
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
YEAR IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2010
影响因子：
--
作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
通讯作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pelli, DG
通讯作者：
Pelli, DG
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Spezio, Michael L.;Huang, Po-Yin Samuel;Adolphs, Ralph
通讯作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
影响因子：
--
作者：
Klin, A;Jones, W;Cohen, D
通讯作者：
Cohen, D