Pathways of lipid metabolism in marine algae, co-expression network, bottlenecks and candidate genes for enhanced production of EPA and DHA in species of Chromista.
Pathways of lipid metabolism in marine algae, co-expression network, bottlenecks and candidate genes for enhanced production of EPA and DHA in species of Chromista.
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DOI：
10.3390/md11114662
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发表时间：
2013-11-22
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bones AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mühlroth A;Li K;Røkke G;Winge P;Olsen Y;Hohmann-Marriott MF;Vadstein O;Bones AM
近几十年来，n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）对人类健康的重要性越来越受到关注，全球n-3 LC-PUFA的消费量也有所增加。海产品是天然的n-3 LC-PUFA来源，其收获量超过了可持续能力，因此必须开发二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20：5 n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22：6 n-3）的替代n-3 LC-PUFA来源。藻类的属，如微拟球藻属、裂殖壶菌属、等鞭金藻属和褐指藻属由于它们产生n-3 LC-PUFA的能力而受到关注。LC-PUFA合成及其在藻类中的分子水平调节的知识是零碎的，并且代表了试图提高用于工业生产的n-3 LC-PUFA水平的瓶颈。在本综述中，三角褐指藻已被用于n-3 LC-PUFA的合成和区室化。基于最近的转录组数据，已经创建了涉及脂质代谢的106个基因的共表达网络。结合最近的分子生物学和代谢研究，提出了三角褐指藻中n-3 LC-PUFA合成的模式途径，并与工业化的Chromista物种进行了比较。讨论了硫酯酶、延长酶、酰基辅酶A合成酶和酰基转移酶等酶合成n-3 LC-PUFA的局限性，并假设了乙酰辅酶A和NADPH的供应等代谢瓶颈。未来的工业化将取决于化学成分的优化和生物量产量的增加，这可以通过开发生理潜力、选择性育种和基因工程来实现。
The importance of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) for human health has received more focus the last decades, and the global consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA has increased. Seafood, the natural n-3 LC-PUFA source, is harvested beyond a sustainable capacity, and it is therefore imperative to develop alternative n-3 LC-PUFA sources for both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Genera of algae such as Nannochloropsis, Schizochytrium, Isochrysis and Phaedactylum within the kingdom Chromista have received attention due to their ability to produce n-3 LC-PUFAs. Knowledge of LC-PUFA synthesis and its regulation in algae at the molecular level is fragmentary and represents a bottleneck for attempts to enhance the n-3 LC-PUFA levels for industrial production. In the present review, Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been used to exemplify the synthesis and compartmentalization of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Based on recent transcriptome data a co-expression network of 106 genes involved in lipid metabolism has been created. Together with recent molecular biological and metabolic studies, a model pathway for n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis in P. tricornutum has been proposed, and is compared to industrialized species of Chromista. Limitations of the n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis by enzymes such as thioesterases, elongases, acyl-CoA synthetases and acyltransferases are discussed and metabolic bottlenecks are hypothesized such as the supply of the acetyl-CoA and NADPH. A future industrialization will depend on optimization of chemical compositions and increased biomass production, which can be achieved by exploitation of the physiological potential, by selective breeding and by genetic engineering.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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