Reversing BCG-mediated autophagy inhibition and mycobacterial survival to improve vaccine efficacy.

Reversing BCG-mediated autophagy inhibition and mycobacterial survival to improve vaccine efficacy.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12865-022-00518-z
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发表时间:
2022-09-14
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影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学4区
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自噬是促进分枝杆菌从巨噬细胞清除的重要机制。致病分枝杆菌和非致病分枝杆菌可以激活mTOR途径,同时诱导自噬。结核分枝杆菌和卡介苗能抑制自噬,有利于细胞内细菌的存活。我们观察到,预先感染活的或热灭活的卡介苗可以防止由药理激活剂或耻垢分枝杆菌(一种强烈的自噬诱导分枝杆菌)诱导的自噬。卡介苗衍生的脂类负责抑制自噬。然而,BCG感染后并不能阻止耻垢分枝杆菌启动的自噬,这会进一步增加自噬的诱导和分枝杆菌的清除。同时感染卡介苗和热杀死耻垢分枝杆菌可增强抗原特异性的CD4+T细胞反应,降低分枝杆菌的存活率。这些结果表明,自噬诱导的耻垢分枝杆菌可用于促进更好的先天和后天获得性免疫反应,提高卡介苗的效力。网上版载有补充材料,可在10.1186/s12865-022-00518-z查阅。
Autophagy is an important mechanism for promoting Mycobacterium clearance from macrophages. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacterium can activate the mTOR pathway while simultaneously inducing autophagy. M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG inhibit autophagy and favor intracellular bacteria survival. We observed that pre-infection of live or heat-killed BCG could prevent autophagy induced by pharmacological activators or M. smegmatis, a strong autophagy-inducing mycobacterium. BCG-derived lipids are responsible for autophagy inhibition. However, post-infection with BCG could not stop the autophagy initiated by M. smegmatis, which increases further autophagy induction and mycobacteria clearance. Coinfection with BCG and heat killed M. smegmatis enhanced antigen specific CD4+ T cell responses and reduced mycobacterial survival. These results suggest that autophagy-inducing M. smegmatis could be used to promote better innate and consequential adaptive immune responses, improving BCG vaccine efficacy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-022-00518-z.
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