Dedicated biomass crops can enhance biodiversity in the arable landscape.
Dedicated biomass crops can enhance biodiversity in the arable landscape.
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DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.12312
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Karp A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haughton AJ;Bohan DA;Clark SJ;Mallott MD;Mallott V;Sage R;Karp A
用于生产生物能源的新型、非粮食、专用生物质作物可能为集约化管理的农田提供多样化和恢复生物多样性的机会，这一建议尚未在景观尺度上得到充分测试。使用两个最大的，目前可用的景观尺度的生物多样性数据集从耕地和生物质生物能源作物，我们采取分类和功能性状的方法来量化和对比生物多样性指标的后果，采用专用生物质作物在以前种植的土地上每年轮作耕地。当种植专用生物质作物芒草和短轮伐期矮林（SRC）杨柳时，休息和谷类作物领域的生物多样性指标的丰度和群落组成发生了变化。杂草生物量始终大于两个专用的生物质作物比谷物，无脊椎动物丰度同样始终高于打破作物。使用典型变量分析，我们确定了不同的植物和无脊椎动物类群和特征为基础的社区在芒草和SRC柳树，而休息和谷类作物往往形成一个单一的，复合社区。种子库反映了作物管理的长期影响。我们的研究表明，芒草和SRC柳树，以及与多年生作物相关的管理，将支持显着数量的生物多样性相比，一年生作物。我们建议在可耕地中战略性种植这些多年生专用生物质作物，以增加景观异质性，增强生态系统功能，同时努力在能源和粮食安全之间取得平衡。
Suggestions that novel, non‐food, dedicated biomass crops used to produce bioenergy may provide opportunities to diversify and reinstate biodiversity in intensively managed farmland have not yet been fully tested at the landscape scale. Using two of the largest, currently available landscape‐scale biodiversity data sets from arable and biomass bioenergy crops, we take a taxonomic and functional trait approach to quantify and contrast the consequences for biodiversity indicators of adopting dedicated biomass crops on land previously cultivated under annual, rotational arable cropping. The abundance and community compositions of biodiversity indicators in fields of break and cereal crops changed when planted with the dedicated biomass crops, miscanthus and short rotation coppiced (SRC) willow. Weed biomass was consistently greater in the two dedicated biomass crops than in cereals, and invertebrate abundance was similarly consistently higher than in break crops. Using canonical variates analysis, we identified distinct plant and invertebrate taxa and trait‐based communities in miscanthus and SRC willows, whereas break and cereal crops tended to form a single, composite community. Seedbanks were shown to reflect the longer term effects of crop management. Our study suggests that miscanthus and SRC willows, and the management associated with perennial cropping, would support significant amounts of biodiversity when compared with annual arable crops. We recommend the strategic planting of these perennial, dedicated biomass crops in arable farmland to increase landscape heterogeneity and enhance ecosystem function, and simultaneously work towards striking a balance between energy and food security.
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