Structural biology. How a neurotoxin survives.

Structural biology. How a neurotoxin survives.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1219602
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发表时间:
2012-02-24
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Adler M
Adler M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Adler M

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肉毒杆菌神经毒素是由革兰氏阳性菌肉毒梭菌和其他梭菌在适当的厌氧条件下产生的。肉毒杆菌神经毒素的摄入或吸入导致严重的神经麻痹性疾病,称为肉毒中毒,其特征在于肌肉麻痹和自主神经功能障碍。这两种病症都源于乙酰胆碱释放的抑制,这是由肉毒杆菌神经毒素介导的三种SNARE(可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体)蛋白之一的蛋白水解引起的,所述SNARE蛋白参与从神经末梢释放这种神经递质。在本期的第977页,Guet al.提供了一个关键的见解,即肉毒杆菌神经毒素如何通过胃肠道存活,使完整的毒素到达血流。
Botulinum neurotoxins are secreted by the spore forming Gram-positive bacteriaClostridium botulinumand some otherClostridiumstrains under suitable anaerobic conditions . Ingestion or inhalation of botulinum neurotoxin leads to a severe neuroparalytic disease, termed botulism, which is characterized by muscle paralysis and autonomic dysfunction. Both conditions stem from inhibition of acetylcholine release, which results from botulinum neurotoxin-mediated proteolysis of one of three SNARE (solubleN-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins involved in the release of this neurotransmitter from nerve terminals . On page 977 of this issue, Guet al.provide a key insight into how botulinum neurotoxin can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract, allowing the intact toxin to reach the bloodstream.
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