Can adolescents learn self-control? Delay of gratification in the development of control over risk taking.
Can adolescents learn self-control? Delay of gratification in the development of control over risk taking.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11121-010-0171-8
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发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Park, Sunhee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romer, Daniel;Duckworth, Angela L.;Sznitman, Sharon;Park, Sunhee
关键词：
发展神经科学的最新研究结果表明，青少年的大脑还太不成熟，无法控制青春期增加的冲动冲动，如感觉寻求。本研究采用延迟奖励折扣范式，考察了延迟满足作为控制青少年时期增加的冒险倾向的潜在来源的能力。此外，它探讨了风险承担以及未来的时间观念作为这种能力的发展贡献者所产生的经验的作用。在一个具有全国代表性的样本（n=900）的14-22岁的年轻人，结构方程分析表明，风险承担评估使用三种流行的药物（烟草，大麻，酒精）是负相关的延迟满足的能力。这种关系在性别、年龄和不同的感觉寻求水平上都是稳健的。此外，高感觉寻求者表现出与年龄相关的延迟满足的戏剧性增加，这支持了这样一个假设，即从事危险行为提供了经验，导致对长期回报的更大耐心。研究结果支持了这样一个结论，即对自我控制发展的完整理解必须考虑到个体差异，而这种差异不容易用大脑成熟的普遍趋势来解释。
Recent findings from developmental neuroscience suggest that the adolescent brain is too immature to exert control over impulsive drives, such as sensation seeking, that increase during adolescence. Using a discounting of delayed reward paradigm, this research examines the ability to delay gratification as a potential source of control over risk-taking tendencies that increase during adolescence. In addition, it explores the role of experience resulting from risk taking as well as future time perspective as contributors to the development of this ability. In a nationally representative sample (n=900) of young people aged 14–22, a structural equation analysis shows that risk taking as assessed by use of three popular drugs (tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol) is inversely related to the ability to delay gratification. The relation is robust across gender, age, and different levels of sensation seeking. In addition, high sensation seekers exhibit dramatic age-related increase in delay of gratification, lending support to the hypothesis that engaging in risky behavior provides experience that leads to greater patience for long-term rewards. The findings support the conclusion that a complete understanding of the development of self-control must consider individual differences not easily explained by universal trends in brain maturation.
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DOI：
10.1080/10705519909540118
发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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