Current technical approaches to brain energy metabolism.
Current technical approaches to brain energy metabolism.
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作者：
Barros LF;Bolaños JP;Bonvento G;Bouzier-Sore AK;Brown A;Hirrlinger J;Kasparov S;Kirchhoff F;Murphy AN;Pellerin L;Robinson MB;Weber B
神经科学是一门技术驱动的学科，脑能量代谢也不例外。一旦满足于绘制器官水平的代谢途径，我们现在正在寻求了解代谢酶和转运蛋白到底做什么，它们何时、在哪里，它们是如何调节的，以及它们如何与大脑不同区域的神经元、神经胶质细胞及其亚细胞结构域和细胞器的特定功能相关。此外，我们的目标是量化细胞内和细胞间代谢物的通量。能量代谢不仅是正常细胞功能和生存所必需的，而且在记忆处理和行为等高级大脑功能中发挥着特定作用，其机制需要在所有层次上理解，从孤立的蛋白质到整个受试者，无论是在健康还是疾病中。为了实现这一目标，该领域利用了不同的学科，包括解剖学、组织学、生理学、生物化学、生物能量学、细胞生物学、分子生物学、发育生物学、神经学和数学建模。本文对脑能量代谢研究的技术方面进行了充分参考的概要。尽可能避免细节和行话，并强调比较优势、局限性和弱点，这些信息通常在常规论文中无法获得。
Neuroscience is a technology-driven discipline and brain energy metabolism is no exception. Once satisfied with mapping metabolic pathways at organ level, we are now looking to learn what it is exactly that metabolic enzymes and transporters do and when, where do they reside, how are they regulated, and how do they relate to the specific functions of neurons, glial cells, and their subcellular domains and organelles, in different areas of the brain. Moreover, we aim to quantify the fluxes of metabolites within and between cells. Energy metabolism is not just a necessity for proper cell function and viability but plays specific roles in higher brain functions such as memory processing and behavior, whose mechanisms need to be understood at all hierarchical levels, from isolated proteins to whole subjects, in both health and disease. To this aim the field takes advantage of diverse disciplines including anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, bioenergetics, cellular biology, molecular biology, developmental biology, neurology and mathematical modeling. This article presents a well-referenced synopsis of the technical side of brain energy metabolism research. Detail and jargon are avoided whenever possible and emphasis is given to comparative strengths, limitations and weaknesses, information that is often not available in regular papers.
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