Examining the replicability of backfire effects after standalone corrections.
Examining the replicability of backfire effects after standalone corrections.
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DOI：
10.1186/s41235-023-00492-z
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发表时间：
2023-07-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Ecker, Ullrich K. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prike, Toby;Blackley, Phoebe;Swire-Thompson, Briony;Ecker, Ullrich K. H.
更正是对抗错误信息的常用且有效的工具。然而，有人担心，当错误信息是新的时，更正可能会向新的受众介绍虚假声明。这是因为提高对一个主张的熟悉程度可以增加对该主张的信念，因此将新的受众暴露在新的错误信息中-即使是作为纠正的一部分-可能会无意中增加错误信息的信念。这样的结果可以被概念化为熟悉度适得其反的效果，即熟悉度的提升增加了高于控制条件或预校正基线的虚假声明认可。在这里，我们研究了独立的校正，即没有初始错误信息的修正，可以适得其反，并增加参与者的依赖错误信息在他们随后的推理，相对于一个没有错误信息，无校正控制条件。在三个实验中（总N = 1156），我们发现，独立的校正并没有立即（实验1）或一个星期的延迟（实验2）后适得其反。然而，有一些混合的证据表明，当对纠正持怀疑态度时，纠正可能会适得其反（实验3）。具体来说，在实验3中，我们发现独立校正在开放式反应中适得其反，但只有当对校正持怀疑态度时。然而，这并没有复制与评级量表的措施。未来的研究应该进一步研究对修正的怀疑是否是逆火效应发生的第一个可复制的机制。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s41235-023-00492-z获得。
Corrections are a frequently used and effective tool for countering misinformation. However, concerns have been raised that corrections may introduce false claims to new audiences when the misinformation is novel. This is because boosting the familiarity of a claim can increase belief in that claim, and thus exposing new audiences to novel misinformation—even as part of a correction—may inadvertently increase misinformation belief. Such an outcome could be conceptualized as a familiarity backfire effect, whereby a familiarity boost increases false-claim endorsement above a control-condition or pre-correction baseline. Here, we examined whether standalone corrections—that is, corrections presented without initial misinformation exposure—can backfire and increase participants’ reliance on the misinformation in their subsequent inferential reasoning, relative to a no-misinformation, no-correction control condition. Across three experiments (total N = 1156) we found that standalone corrections did not backfire immediately (Experiment 1) or after a one-week delay (Experiment 2). However, there was some mixed evidence suggesting corrections may backfire when there is skepticism regarding the correction (Experiment 3). Specifically, in Experiment 3, we found the standalone correction to backfire in open-ended responses, but only when there was skepticism towards the correction. However, this did not replicate with the rating scales measure. Future research should further examine whether skepticism towards the correction is the first replicable mechanism for backfire effects to occur. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41235-023-00492-z.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ecker, Ullrich K. H.;Sharkey, Caitlin X. M.;Swire-Thompson, Briony
通讯作者：
Swire-Thompson, Briony
影响因子：
4
作者：
Ecker, Ullrich K. H.;O'Reilly, Ziggy;Chang, Ee Pin
通讯作者：
Chang, Ee Pin
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Autry, Kevin S.;Levine, William H.
通讯作者：
Levine, William H.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brysbaert, Marc
通讯作者：
Brysbaert, Marc
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Ecker, Ullrich K. H.;Lewandowsky, Stephan;Tang, David T. W.
通讯作者：
Tang, David T. W.