Correcting vaccine misinformation: A failure to replicate familiarity or fear-driven backfire effects.
Correcting vaccine misinformation: A failure to replicate familiarity or fear-driven backfire effects.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0281140
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Swire-Thompson, Briony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ecker, Ullrich K. H.;Sharkey, Caitlin X. M.;Swire-Thompson, Briony
即使错误信息已被纠正，个人在推理和决策中仍然常常继续依赖错误信息。这就是所谓的持续影响效应，其驱动因素之一是错误信息熟悉度。由于持续的影响可能会助长误导或不安全的行为，因此必须设法通过设计更有效的纠正措施来尽量减少这种影响。有人认为，如果纠正重复了要被揭穿的错误信息，从而提高了它的熟悉度，那么纠正的有效性就会降低。有些人甚至认为，这种熟悉度的提升可能会导致修正，从而无意中增加随后的错误信息依赖;这种现象被称为熟悉度适得其反效应。Pluviano等人（2017）的一项研究发现了使用疫苗相关刺激的这种现象的证据。作者发现，重复疫苗“神话”并将其与相应的事实进行对比，相对于对照条件适得其反，具有讽刺意味的是增加了错误的疫苗信念。本研究试图复制和扩展这项研究。我们从原始的Pluviano等人的研究中纳入了四个条件：神话与事实，视觉信息图，恐惧呼吁和控制条件。目前的研究还增加了一个“仅神话”的条件，简单地重复错误的声明并将其标记为错误;理论上，这种条件最有可能产生熟悉的适得其反。参与者接受了疫苗神话修正，并在修正后立即进行测试，并在延迟七天后再次进行测试。我们发现，神话与事实的条件减少了疫苗的误解。在任一时间点，相对于对照组或相对于干预前基线，这些疾病均未增加疫苗误解;因此，未观察到适得其反的影响。这种复制失败增加了越来越多的证据，反对熟悉的适得其反的效果，并对疫苗接种沟通和揭穿干预措施的设计产生影响。
Individuals often continue to rely on misinformation in their reasoning and decision making even after it has been corrected. This is known as the continued influence effect, and one of its presumed drivers is misinformation familiarity. As continued influence can promote misguided or unsafe behaviours, it is important to find ways to minimize the effect by designing more effective corrections. It has been argued that correction effectiveness is reduced if the correction repeats the to-be-debunked misinformation, thereby boosting its familiarity. Some have even suggested that this familiarity boost may cause a correction to inadvertently increase subsequent misinformation reliance; a phenomenon termed the familiarity backfire effect. A study by Pluviano et al. (2017) found evidence for this phenomenon using vaccine-related stimuli. The authors found that repeating vaccine “myths” and contrasting them with corresponding facts backfired relative to a control condition, ironically increasing false vaccine beliefs. The present study sought to replicate and extend this study. We included four conditions from the original Pluviano et al. study: the myths vs. facts, a visual infographic, a fear appeal, and a control condition. The present study also added a “myths-only” condition, which simply repeated false claims and labelled them as false; theoretically, this condition should be most likely to produce familiarity backfire. Participants received vaccine-myth corrections and were tested immediately post-correction, and again after a seven-day delay. We found that the myths vs. facts condition reduced vaccine misconceptions. None of the conditions increased vaccine misconceptions relative to control at either timepoint, or relative to a pre-intervention baseline; thus, no backfire effects were observed. This failure to replicate adds to the mounting evidence against familiarity backfire effects and has implications for vaccination communications and the design of debunking interventions.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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