In Vivo Chemical Sensors: Role of Biocompatibility on Performance and Utility.
In Vivo Chemical Sensors: Role of Biocompatibility on Performance and Utility.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04251
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发表时间：
2017-01-03
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Schoenfisch MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soto RJ;Hall JR;Brown MD;Taylor JB;Schoenfisch MH
能够准确测量重要生理分析物的体内化学动力学的生物分析传感器在几个方面具有变革性，包括疾病/健康管理和改善对生物过程的理解。葡萄糖生物传感器在过去的35年里已经从最初的概念验证发展成为糖尿病管理中不可或缺的技术，是植入式化学传感器实用性的典范。1重症患者（即重症监护室中的患者; ICU）的护理受益于对具有预后/诊断价值的多种分析物类别的监测，包括离子（例如，Na+、K+）、气体（O2、CO2）和代谢物（葡萄糖、乳酸盐）。40多年来，大量电化学传感器已被用于研究神经递质、生物气体和代谢物的体内动力学。3这些领域的绝大多数传感器依赖于小型化的电化学探针，或者在较小程度上依赖于满足此类测量所需的严格的台式分析性能优点（例如，动态范围，响应时间，分析物选择性）的光学探针。不幸的是，由于植入物引发的宿主反应，传感器的功能通常部分或完全被体内装置阻碍。传感器所遇到的体内环境随着蛋白质吸附和随后的细胞粘附而变化。虽然在各种生理液体和组织中发生的生化事件的具体进展是不同的，但共同的特征是将体内传感器识别为外来物并进行长期细胞攻击的能力。宿主反应的终末期非常相似，无论位置如何（例如，血液、组织），最终通过形成血栓或瘢痕组织隔离植入物。对于许多非活性植入物（例如，固定器械），可耐受中度的细胞浸润和分离，而不会严重损害植入物的预期用途，因此认为它们具有生物相容性。4相反，化学传感器必须在变化的生理环境下在体内持续存在，同时提供准确跟踪分析物浓度的稳定信号。即使是中等程度的细胞存在或分离也会改变传感器周围区域中的分析物运输，使得分析物的表面浓度可能不反映整体血液/组织水平。5因此，这种看似不可克服的宿主反应损害了所有体内传感器的准确性和可用寿命。Ratner先前将生物相容性定义为材料引导更被动反应的能力，其中传感器不完全被识别为异物。6许多研究人员致力于开发可能减少对体内传感器的各种生物反应的策略，以提高分析性能。不幸的是，文献中尚未解决的一个关键空白是减轻宿主反应是否会对此类器械的体内准确性或可用寿命产生可感知的改善。在这方面，新的化学策略的“分析生物相容性”应用于描述针对减少宿主反应的体内传感器性能的改进。在这篇评论中，我们强调了个别主机的响应，因为它们
Bioanalytical sensors capable of accurately measuring in vivo chemical dynamics of important physiological analytes have been transformative on several fronts, including disease/health management and improved understanding of biological processes. The glucose biosensor, which over the past 35 years has evolved from initial proof-of-concept to an indispensable technology in diabetes management, serves as a paragon of the utility of implantable chemical sensors. 1 Care for critically ill patients (ie, those in the intensive care unit; ICU) has benefited from monitoring of several analyte classes that hold prognostic/diagnostic value, including ions (eg, Na+, K+), gases (O2, CO2), and metabolites (glucose, lactate). 2 A large number of electrochemical sensors have been used to study in vivo dynamics of neurotransmitters, biological gases, and metabolites for more than 40 years. 3 The vast majority of sensors across these areas rely on miniaturized electrochemical or, to a lesser extent, optical probes that meet strict benchtop analytical performance merits required for such measurements (eg, dynamic range, response time, analyte selectivity). Unfortunately, sensor function is often impeded partially or completely for in vivo devices due to the implant-initiated host response.The in vivo environment that a sensor encounters changes with protein adsorption and subsequent cell adhesion. Although the specific progression of biochemical events that occur in the various physiological fluids and tissues is diverse, a shared trait is the ability to recognize the in vivo sensor as foreign and mount a prolonged cellular attack. The end-stage of the host response is remarkably similar, regardless of the location (eg, blood, tissue), culminating in isolation of the implant by formation of thrombi or scar tissue. For many inactive implants (eg, fixation devices), moderate degrees of cellular infiltration and isolation are tolerated without severe detriment to the implant’s intended purpose, and they are thus deemed biocompatible. 4 In contrast, chemical sensors must persist in vivo under a changing physiological environment while providing stable signals that accurately follow the concentration of an analyte. Even moderate cellular presence or isolation will alter analyte transport in the region surrounding the sensor such that the surface concentration of an analyte may not reflect bulk blood/tissue levels. 5 As such, this seemingly insurmountable host response compromises both the accuracy and usable lifetime of all in vivo sensors. Ratner previously defined biocompatibility as the ability of a material to guide a more passive response in which the sensor is not wholly recognized as a foreign body. 6 Many researchers have worked to develop strategies that might reduce the various biological reactions to an in vivo sensor with the goal of improving analytical performance. Unfortunately, a critical void that has not been addressed in the literature is whether mitigating the host response generates perceptible improvements to the in vivo accuracy or usable lifetime of such devices. In this regard, the “analytical biocompatibility” of new chemical strategies should be used to describe improvements to in vivo sensor performance directed at reducing the host response. In this Review, we highlight the individual host responses, as they
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Browning, M. B.;Cereceres, S. N.;Luong, P. T.;Cosgriff-Hernandez, E. M.
通讯作者：
Cosgriff-Hernandez, E. M.
影响因子：
14
作者：
Avula, Mahender Nath;Rao, Archana Nagaraja;Solzbacher, Florian
通讯作者：
Solzbacher, Florian
影响因子：
14
作者：
Bryant, Stephanie J.;Cuy, Janet L.;Ratner, Buddy D.
通讯作者：
Ratner, Buddy D.
影响因子：
34.7
作者：
Brown, Guy C.;Neher, Jonas J.
通讯作者：
Neher, Jonas J.
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Batchelor, MM;Reoma, SL;Meyerhoff, ME
通讯作者：
Meyerhoff, ME