A Crude Awakening: Effects of Crude Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Calanoid Copepods Terminating Diapause
A Crude Awakening: Effects of Crude Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Calanoid Copepods Terminating Diapause
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原油觉醒：原油对终止滞育的桡足类脂质代谢的影响
DOI：
10.1086/705234
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jenssen, BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skottene, E;Tarrant, AM;Olsen, AJ;Altin, D;Hansen, BH;Choquet, M;Olsen, RE;Jenssen, BM
finmarchicuscalanus和glacialalanus是北大西洋和北极海洋生态系统中重要的浮游动物物种，因为它们在营养脂质从浮游植物到更高营养水平的捕食者的营养转移中形成了联系。这些类calanoid桡足类动物一年中有几个月在深水中处于一种叫做滞育的休眠状态，之后它们会在春季浮游植物繁盛时出现在地表水中觅食和繁殖。滞育时间的中断可能对海洋生态系统造成严重后果。在本研究中，在挪威峡湾收集了CalanusC5桡足虫，并在滞育结束期间实验暴露于北海环烷原油的水溶性部分。这些桡足类动物在成年过程中被反复取样，并分析了脂质储存的利用和参与脂质代谢的基因的差异表达。我们的研究结果表明，水溶性组分暴露导致脂质分解代谢暂时停止，这表明：(1)水溶性组分暴露的C5桡足虫对脂质储存的利用速度较慢，(2)水溶性组分暴露的C5桡足虫中β-氧化途径的基因比对照C5桡足虫中下调。由于脂质含量和/或组成可能是滞育终止的重要触发因素，我们的研究结果表明，如果桡足类动物在滞育或滞育终止期间暴露于油污中，滞育终止和随后向地表迁移的时间可能会延迟。这种延迟可能对生态系统动态产生不利影响。
Calanus finmarchicusandCalanus glacialisare keystone zooplankton species in North Atlantic and Arctic marine ecosystems because they form a link in the trophic transfer of nutritious lipids from phytoplankton to predators on higher trophic levels. These calanoid copepods spend several months of the year in deep waters in a dormant state called diapause, after which they emerge in surface waters to feed and reproduce during the spring phytoplankton bloom. Disruption of diapause timing could have dramatic consequences for marine ecosystems. In the present study,CalanusC5 copepodites were collected in a Norwegian fjord during diapause and were subsequently experimentally exposed to the water-soluble fraction of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil during diapause termination. The copepods were sampled repeatedly while progressing toward adulthood and were analyzed for utilization of lipid stores and for differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results indicate that water-soluble fraction exposure led to a temporary pause in lipid catabolism, suggested by (i) slower utilization of lipid stores in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites and (ii) more genes in theβ-oxidation pathway being downregulated in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites than in the control C5 copepodites. Because lipid content and/or composition may be an important trigger for termination of diapause, our results imply that the timing of diapause termination and subsequent migration to the surface may be delayed if copepods are exposed to oil pollution during diapause or diapause termination. This delay could have detrimental effects on ecosystem dynamics.
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