New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues.
New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
淋巴结是一种高度结构化的器官，可介导人体对抗原和其他外国颗粒的适应性免疫响应。他们的时间诸如具有单克隆抗体的免疫荧光，遗传记者，体内两光子成像以及最近的空间生物学技术。研究淋巴结或其成分。我们讨论了这些工具的使用，以增加复杂性的顺序，从细胞运动到细胞 - 细胞相互作用，以及诸如疫苗接种之类的器官级功能。我们预计，这项综述将对希望扩展其工具包的免疫学家特别有益，以探测淋巴结结构和功能。
The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body’s adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Birmingham KG;O'Melia MJ;Bordy S;Reyes Aguilar D;El-Reyas B;Lesinski G;Thomas SN
通讯作者：
Thomas SN
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Pompano，Rebecca R.
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Perelson, Alan S.