Frankfurt-Style Cases and Moral Responsibility: A Methodological Reflection

Frankfurt-Style Cases and Moral Responsibility: A Methodological Reflection
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法兰克福式案例与道德责任:方法论反思

DOI:
10.1080/09672559.2021.1924226
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
0.6
通讯作者:
Ota Koji
Ota Koji
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
徳岡 三紀;佐藤 ゆたか;Ota Koji

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法兰克福案例(FSCs)似乎引发了一种直觉判断,即行为人尽管无法采取其他行动,但在道德上负有责任,这被认为是对替代可能性原则(PAP)的证伪。最近的实证研究表明,人们普遍倾向于这种直觉判断,这似乎加强了反对人民行动党的论点。然而,一些学者主张描述性反直觉主义(DAI) -直觉判断从未在哲学中发挥证据作用-从而否认了这些实证发现的哲学意义。我指出,尽管DAI在字面上对FSCs的主张是失败的,但相关的见解仍然是强有力的:直觉判断是如此脆弱,以至于它很容易被进一步的论证所击败。然而,我认为,实证研究在揭示我们在道德责任实践中所承诺的一般原则方面具有重要意义。我通过追溯法兰克福和哲学家们所写的文献来阐明这些发现如何在关于道德责任的哲学辩论中发挥强有力的证据作用。
Frankfurt-Style Cases (FSCs) seem to elicit the intuitive judgment that an agent is morally responsible despite being unable to act otherwise, which is supposed to falsify the Principle of Alternative Possibility (PAP). Recent empirical studies have shown that the inclination toward this intuitive judgment is shared among people, which seems to reinforce the argument against the PAP. However, some scholars have argued for Descriptive Anti-Intuitionism (DAI) — intuitive judgments have never played an evidential role in philosophy — and thus denied the philosophical significance of such empirical findings. I point out that although DAI fails in its literal claim for FSCs, an associated insight remains potent: an intuitive judgment is so fragile that it can be easily defeated by further arguments. Nevertheless, I argue, empirical studies are significant in uncovering the general principles to which we are committed in our practice concerning moral responsibility. I clarify how such findings can play a robust evidential role in philosophical debates concerning moral responsibility by tracing the literature written by Frankfurt and philosophers.
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