Memory failure predicts belief regression after the correction of misinformation.
Memory failure predicts belief regression after the correction of misinformation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105276
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
DeGutis, Joseph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swire-Thompson, Briony;Dobbs, Mitch;Thomas, Ayanna;DeGutis, Joseph
在错误信息被纠正后，人们最初会非常好地更新他们的信念。然而，这种变化很少随着时间的推移而持续，人们的信念回到了修正前的水平。这被称为信念回归。本研究旨在考察纠正记忆与信念回归之间的关系，以及纠正后的错误信息是否比肯定的事实更容易受到信念回归的影响。来自多产学者的参与者(N=612)评估了16个错误信息和16个事实条目的准确性，并被随机分配到更正条件或重测控制。在错误信息被纠正和事实得到确认后，参与者立即重新评估他们的信念，并被问及他们是否能记住这些项目所呈现的真实性。参与者在一个月后重复了这项后测。我们发现信念和记忆高度相关，无论是即刻(⍴=0.51)，还是一个月后(⍴=0.82)，记忆可以解释在校正测量信度后信念回归的66%的变异量。我们发现，在即刻和延迟后测之间，反对率(准确地记住错误信息被呈现为虚假的，但仍然相信它)保持稳定，而健忘率增加了四倍。一个月后，57%相信错误信息的参与者认为这些项目是真实的。对于错误信息，信念回归比事实更明显，但一旦将预测信念等同起来，这种回归就会大大减弱。综上所述，这些结果清楚地表明，记忆在信念回归中起着基础性的作用，重复纠正可能是抵消这一现象的有效方法。
After misinformation has been corrected, people initially update their belief extremely well. However, this change is rarely sustained over time, with belief returning towards pre-correction levels. This is called belief regression. The current study aimed to examine the association between memory for the correction and belief regression, and whether corrected misinformation suffers from belief regression more than affirmed facts. Participants from Prolific Academic (N = 612) rated the veracity of 16 misinformation and 16 factual items and were randomly assigned to a correction condition or test-retest control. Immediately after misinformation was corrected and facts affirmed, participants re-rated their belief and were asked whether they could remember the items’ presented veracity. Participants repeated this post-test one month later. We found that belief and memory were highly associated, both immediately (⍴ = 0.51), and after one month (⍴ = 0.82), and that memory explained 66% of the variance in belief regression after correcting for measurement reliability. We found the rate of dissenting (accurately remembering that misinformation was presented as false but still believing it) remained stable between the immediate and delayed post-test, while the rate of forgetting quadrupled. After one month, 57% of participants who believed in the misinformation thought that the items were presented to them as true. Belief regression was more pronounced for misinformation than facts, but this was greatly attenuated once pre-test belief was equated. Together, these results clearly indicate that memory plays a fundamental role in belief regression, and that repeated corrections could be an effective method to counteract this phenomenon.
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