Evaluating opportunities when more is less

Evaluating opportunities when more is less
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评估多即少的机会

DOI:
10.1007/s11238-022-09914-8
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
Yukinori Iwata
Yukinori Iwata
中科院分区:
经济学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Colin Davis;Ken-Ichi Hashimoto;Ken Tabata;Yukinori Iwata

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有心理学证据表明,消费者不会考虑市场上的所有商品,这可能导致“多即是少”效应,这是一种拥有更多选择导致福利减少的现象(Llears et al. in J Econ Theory 170:70-85,2017)。在这种多即是少的效应下,我们面临着一个两难境地,即增加新的机会既可能改善也可能恶化个人福祉。这项研究提出了一个假设,“更多的总是更好的”,这意味着增加新的机会不会恶化个人的福祉,是一个偏见,道德伦理学导致。一个令人满意的解决方案是菜单上的行为后果主义,这是一个事后和第三方评估的机会集。我们提供了一个公理化的基础上菜单的行为后果主义,并将其应用到决策者的菜单提供政策。
There exists psychological evidence that consumers do not consider all available items in the market, which can lead to the “more-is-less” effect, a phenomenon where having more options causes a welfare reduction (Llears et al. in J Econ Theory 170:70–85, 2017). Under this more-is-less effect, we face a dilemma that adding new opportunities may both improve and worsen individual well-being. This study proposes a hypothesis that “more is always better,” which implies that adding new opportunities cannot worsen individual well-being, is a bias to which moral heuristics leads. A satisfactory resolution of this dilemma is act-consequentialism over menus, which is an ex-post and third-party evaluation of opportunity sets. We provide an axiomatic foundation for act-consequentialism over menus and apply it to policymakers’ menu-providing policies.
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