Pulsatile contractions and pattern formation in excitable actomyosin cortex.

Pulsatile contractions and pattern formation in excitable actomyosin cortex.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009981
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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肌动蛋白皮质是一种主动适应性材料,嵌入了复杂的调节网络,可以感知,产生和传递机械力。皮层表现出广泛的动态行为,从产生收缩和行波到形成有组织的结构。尽管在表征肌动蛋白皮质的生化和机械成分方面取得了进展,但对该机械化学系统的新兴动力学知之甚少。在这里,我们开发了一个反应扩散模型的RhoA信号网络,上游调节肌动球蛋白组装和收缩,耦合到一个活跃的肌动球蛋白凝胶,研究化学信号和机械力之间的相互作用如何调节应力和模式在皮层。我们证明,在皮层的机械化学反馈的行为,以稳定均匀的状态和鲁棒地产生脉动收缩。通过调节系统中的主动应力,我们发现皮层可以产生传播收缩脉冲,形成网络结构,或表现出拓扑湍流。细胞肌动蛋白皮质是一个动态的丝状肌动蛋白,肌球蛋白马达和其他辅助蛋白的膜下网络,调节细胞维持或改变形状的能力。虽然肌动蛋白皮质的关键分子组分和机械特性已被表征,但生化信号和机械力相互作用以调节皮质行为的方式仍然知之甚少。在这篇文章中,我们开发了一个数学模型的肌动球蛋白皮质,结合信号蛋白的反应扩散动力学与主动力产生肌动球蛋白网络。使用这个模型,我们调查如何力学和生化信号之间的反馈调节肌动球蛋白流,机械应力和图案形成在皮层中的传播。我们的工作揭示了多种方式,其中皮层可以调整生化活动,力的产生和平流运输之间的动态耦合,以控制机械行为。
The actin cortex is an active adaptive material, embedded with complex regulatory networks that can sense, generate, and transmit mechanical forces. The cortex exhibits a wide range of dynamic behaviours, from generating pulsatory contractions and travelling waves to forming organised structures. Despite the progress in characterising the biochemical and mechanical components of the actin cortex, the emergent dynamics of this mechanochemical system is poorly understood. Here we develop a reaction-diffusion model for the RhoA signalling network, the upstream regulator for actomyosin assembly and contractility, coupled to an active actomyosin gel, to investigate how the interplay between chemical signalling and mechanical forces regulates stresses and patterns in the cortex. We demonstrate that mechanochemical feedback in the cortex acts to destabilise homogeneous states and robustly generate pulsatile contractions. By tuning active stress in the system, we show that the cortex can generate propagating contraction pulses, form network structures, or exhibit topological turbulence. The cellular actin cortex is a dynamic sub-membranous network of filamentous actin, myosin motors, and other accessory proteins that regulates the ability of cells to maintain or change shapes. While the key molecular components and mechanical properties of the actin cortex have been characterized, the ways in which biochemical signalling and mechanical forces interact to regulate cortex behaviours remain poorly understood. In this article, we develop a mathematical model for the actomyosin cortex that combines the reaction-diffusion dynamics of signalling proteins with active force generation by actomyosin networks. Using this model, we investigate how the feedback between mechanics and biochemical signalling regulates the propagation of actomyosin flows, mechanical stresses, and pattern formation in the cortex. Our work reveals a variety of ways in which the cortex can tune the dynamic coupling between biochemical activity, force production, and advective transport to control mechanical behaviours.
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