Transmission of Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by phlebotomine sand flies.

Transmission of Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by phlebotomine sand flies.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.04.003
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发表时间:
2007-08
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Bates PA
Bates PA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bates PA

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彻底了解任何感染性病原体的传播机制对于实施有效的干预策略至关重要。在这里,我们对利什曼原虫用来确保它们通过叮咬从沙蝇媒介传播的机制的目前的理解进行了综述。最重要的机制是由中肠前部的寄生虫分泌前鞭毛体分泌凝胶(PSG)而产生的“阻蝇”。这迫使沙蝇在进食之前反流PSG,从而在哺乳动物宿主的皮肤中沉积PSG和具有感染性的准周期前鞭毛体。还考虑了传播中的其他可能因素:口瓣膜受损;唾液腺中出现寄生虫;受感染的沙蝇从肛门排泄寄生虫。文中还讨论了利什曼原虫、万寿菊原虫和苏罗利什曼原虫三个亚属寄生虫传播机制的差异。
A thorough understanding of the transmission mechanism of any infectious agent is crucial to implementing an effective intervention strategy. Here, our current understanding of the mechanisms that Leishmania parasites use to ensure their transmission from sand fly vectors by bite is reviewed. The most important mechanism is the creation of a “blocked fly” resulting from the secretion of promastigote secretory gel (PSG) by the parasites in the anterior midgut. This forces the sand fly to regurgitate PSG before it can bloodfeed, thereby depositing both PSG and infective metacyclic promastigotes in the skin of a mammalian host. Other possible factors in transmission are considered: damage to the stomodeal valve; occurrence of parasites in the salivary glands; and excretion of parasites from the anus of infected sand flies. Differences in the transmission mechanisms employed by parasites in the three subgenera, Leishmania, Viannia and Sauroleishmania are also addressed.
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