Physical and geometric constraints shape the labyrinth-like nasal cavity

Physical and geometric constraints shape the labyrinth-like nasal cavity
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物理和几何限制塑造了迷宫般的鼻腔

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1714795115
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brenner, Michael P.
Brenner, Michael P.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zwicker, David;Ostilla-Mónico, Rodolfo;Lieberman, Daniel E.;Brenner, Michael P.

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鼻腔是呼吸系统的重要组成部分,它加热和加湿所有脊椎动物吸入的空气。尽管有这种共同的功能,但鼻腔的形状在动物中差异很大。为了理解这种变化,我们在这里连接鼻腔几何形状,其功能,从理论上研究气流和相关的标量交换,描述加热和加湿。我们发现,最佳的几何形状,其中具有最小的阻力,对于一个给定的交换效率,有一个恒定的间隙宽度之间的侧壁,但它们的整体形状仅受头部的几何形状。我们的理论定量地解释了自然鼻腔的几何变化,我们假设高交换效率和低气流阻力之间的权衡是塑造鼻腔的主要驱动力。我们的模型进一步解释了为什么人类的鼻腔进化得比预期的要小,在有氧挑战的情况下会变成专性的口腔呼吸者。
The nasal cavity is a vital component of the respiratory system that heats and humidifies inhaled air in all vertebrates. Despite this common function, the shapes of nasal cavities vary widely across animals. To understand this variability, we here connect nasal geometry to its function by theoretically studying the airflow and the associated scalar exchange that describes heating and humidification. We find that optimal geometries, which have minimal resistance for a given exchange efficiency, have a constant gap width between their side walls, but their overall shape is restricted only by the geometry of the head. Our theory explains the geometric variations of natural nasal cavities quantitatively and we hypothesize that the trade-off between high exchange efficiency and low resistance to airflow is the main driving force shaping the nasal cavity. Our model further explains why humans, whose nasal cavities evolved to be smaller than expected for their size, become obligate oral breathers in aerobically challenging situations.
人类头部的进化
DOI: --
发表时间: 2012
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