Seeing the invisible: the scope and limits of unconscious processing in binocular rivalry.
Seeing the invisible: the scope and limits of unconscious processing in binocular rivalry.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.002
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发表时间：
2009-04
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
He, Sheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Zhicheng;He, Sheng
关键词：
当一个图像被呈现给一只眼睛，而另一个非常不同的图像被呈现给另一只眼睛的相应位置时，它们争夺感知优势，使得一次只有一个图像可见，而另一个图像被抑制。这种被称为双眼竞争的现象及其异常现象已被广泛用于研究意识的机制和神经相关性。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架，无意识约束假设，以区分无意识和有意识的处理。根据这一框架，无意识不仅编码个体特征，而且在时间上绑定分布式特征以产生皮层表征，但与有意识绑定不同，这种无意识绑定是脆弱的。在此框架下，我们回顾了心理物理学和神经影像学的研究证据，这些证据表明：（1）对于不可见的低水平特征，长时间的视觉模式暴露和简单的平移运动可以改变随后的可见特征的外观（即适应）;对于不可见的高级特征，虽然复杂的螺旋运动不能产生适配，物体/词语也不能增强相关刺激的后续处理（即启动），诸如工具之类的物体的图像仍然可以激活背侧通路;（2）虽然看不见的中央线索不能引导注意力，但外围的看不见的色情图片却可以引导注意力，很可能是通过情绪唤起;然而，不可见信息的加工可以在知觉和神经水平上受到注意的调节。
When an image is presented to one eye and a very different image is presented to the corresponding location of the other eye, they compete for perceptual dominance, such that only one image is visible at a time while the other is suppressed. Called binocular rivalry, this phenomenon and its deviants have been extensively exploited to study the mechanism and neural correlates of consciousness. In this paper, we propose a framework, the unconscious binding hypothesis, to distinguish unconscious and conscious processing. According to this framework, the unconscious mind not only encodes individual features but also temporally binds distributed features to give rise to cortical representation, but unlike conscious binding, such unconscious binding is fragile. Under this framework, we review evidence from psychophysical and neuroimaging studies, which suggests that: (1) for invisible low level features, prolonged exposure to visual pattern and simple translational motion can alter the appearance of subsequent visible features (i.e. adaptation); for invisible high level features, although complex spiral motion cannot produce adaptation, nor can objects/words enhance subsequent processing of related stimuli (i.e. priming), images of objects such as tools can nevertheless activate the dorsal pathway; and (2) although invisible central cues cannot orient attention, invisible erotic pictures in the periphery can nevertheless guide attention, likely through emotional arousal; reciprocally, the processing of invisible information can be modulated by attention at perceptual and neural levels.
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