Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance.
Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-010-1848-1
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发表时间：
2010-07
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Singleton, Edward G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heishman, Stephen J.;Kleykamp, Bethea A.;Singleton, Edward G.
实证研究表明，尼古丁增强了注意力和认知的某些方面，这表明尼古丁在维持烟草依赖方面发挥了作用。本综述的目的是更新自我们上次综述以来的文献（Heishman et al. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2：345-395，），并确定人类行为的哪些方面对尼古丁和吸烟的影响最敏感。我们对1994年至2008年发表的41项双盲、安慰剂对照实验室研究的结局指标进行了荟萃分析。在所有研究中，给予尼古丁，并在健康成人非吸烟者或未戒烟或轻度戒烟（≤2 h）的吸烟者中评估性能。有足够的效应量数据对9个表现领域进行荟萃分析，包括运动能力、警觉和定向注意力、情景记忆和工作记忆。我们发现尼古丁或吸烟对六个领域有显着的积极影响：精细运动，警觉注意力准确性和反应时间（RT），定向注意力RT，短期情景记忆准确性和工作记忆RT（效应大小范围=0.16至0.44）。尼古丁对运动能力、注意力和记忆力的显著影响可能代表了真正的表现增强，因为它们不会受到戒断缓解的混淆。尼古丁的有益认知效应对吸烟的开始和烟草依赖的维持有影响。
Empirical studies indicate that nicotine enhances some aspects of attention and cognition, suggesting a role in the maintenance of tobacco dependence. The purpose of this review was to update the literature since our previous review (Heishman et al. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2:345–395,) and to determine which aspects of human performance were most sensitive to the effects of nicotine and smoking. We conducted a meta-analysis on the outcome measures of 41 double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory studies published from 1994 to 2008. In all studies, nicotine was administered, and performance was assessed in healthy adult nonsmokers or smokers who were not tobacco-deprived or minimally deprived (≤2 h). There were sufficient effect size data to conduct meta-analyses on nine performance domains, including motor abilities, alerting and orienting attention, and episodic and working memory. We found significant positive effects of nicotine or smoking on six domains: fine motor, alerting attention-accuracy and response time (RT), orienting attention-RT, short-term episodic memory-accuracy, and working memory-RT (effect size range=0.16 to 0.44). The significant effects of nicotine on motor abilities, attention, and memory likely represent true performance enhancement because they are not confounded by withdrawal relief. The beneficial cognitive effects of nicotine have implications for initiation of smoking and maintenance of tobacco dependence.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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作者：
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