Root‐growth characteristics contributing to genotypic variation in nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape
Root‐growth characteristics contributing to genotypic variation in nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape
复制标题
根生长特征导致油菜氮效率基因型变异
DOI：
10.1002/jpln.201100301
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Horst W.J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ulas A;Schulte auf´m Erley G;Kahm M;Wiesler F;Horst W.J.
通过3年的田间试验，研究了两种油菜（Brassica napusL.）氮效率不同的品种。施氮2个处理，分别采用核心技术和微型电子管技术研究根长密度和活根数。施氮增加了地上部干物质、籽粒产量、总氮吸收量和土壤总Nmin含量，尤其是表层土壤。虽然各参数在年份间均存在显著差异，但年份与品种间的互作大多不显著。相比CV。国会大厦，N效率的CV顶点的特点是较高的籽粒产量在N0和较高的氮吸收在生殖生长。该基因型也具有更高的根长密度和更多的活细根，特别是在表土层中。该基因型的根系生长量在抽梢至开花期间表现得尤为突出，而营养生长期的地上部生长量和氮素吸收量相对较低。我们的研究结果表明，氮高效品种的特点是在营养生长阶段对根系生长的高投入，直到开花开始，芽生长和氮吸收速率相对较慢，然而，在生殖生长期间持续。仅在生殖生长期间的高根系生产似乎对实现高氮效率不太有效，因为这可能导致用于种子灌浆的同化物短缺。营养生长期高的根长密度有利于氮素吸收和生殖生长，可作为氮高效品种选育的重要形态学指标。
A 3‐year field experiment was carried out to determine the significance of root‐growth characteristics contributing to N‐uptake efficiency of two oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.) cultivars differing in N efficiency. Two N treatments were applied, and the core and minirhizotron techniques were used to study root‐length density and number of living roots, respectively. Fertilizer‐N supply increased shoot dry matter, grain yield, total N uptake, and total soil Nmincontents particularly in the top soil. Although significant differences occurred in all parameters between years, the interactions between years and cultivars were mostly not significant. Compared to cv. Capitol, the N‐efficient cv. Apex was characterized by a higher grain yield at N0 and a higher N uptake during reproductive growth. This genotype also had a higher root‐length density and more living fine roots particularly in the topsoil layer. Root growth of this genotype was especially high from beginning of shooting to beginning of flowering, while shoot growth and N uptake during vegetative growth were comparatively low. Our results suggest that N‐efficient cultivars can be characterized by a high investment in root growth during the vegetative stage with a comparatively slow shoot growth and N‐uptake rate until beginning of flowering, which, however, continues during reproductive growth. High root production only during reproductive growth seems to be less effective to achieve high N efficiency, because this may lead to a shortage of assimilates for seed filling. High root‐length density at vegetative stages may thus be advantageous for N uptake and reproductive growth and could be a useful morphological character for the selection and breeding of N‐efficient cultivars.
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DOI：
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