Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming

Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming
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扩大零预算自然农业的潜在产量挑战

DOI:
10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
27.6
通讯作者:
Smith J
Smith J
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith J

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在目前的趋势下,到2050年,印度60%的人口(占地球人口的10%)将经历严重的粮食短缺。增加产量是当务之急,但高昂的成本和波动的价格正在将农民推向债务。零预算自然农业是一项草根运动,旨在通过降低成本来提高农场的生存能力。仅在安得拉邦,就有52.3万农民将13%的生产性农业面积转化为ZBNF。然而,ZBNF的可持续性受到质疑,因为外部养分投入有限,这可能导致粮食生产崩溃。在这里,我们表明,ZBNF可能会减少土壤退化,并可能为低投入的农民提供产量效益。通过土壤中的自生固氮菌或豆类中的共生固氮菌进行固氮,很可能为作物提供大部分可利用的氮素。然而,即使有最大的潜在固氮和释氮潜力,预计也只有全国平均氮肥的52-80%作为肥料供应。因此,在更高投入的系统中,可能会出现收益率损失。由于只有氮素才能从大气中生物固定,ZBNF可能会限制其他营养物质的供应。需要在更高投入的系统中进行进一步研究,以确保大规模转换为ZBNF不会限制印度的自给自足能力。
Under current trends, 60% of India’s population (>10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52–80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India’s capacity to feed itself.
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