Heterogeneous Effects of Development Aid on Violent Unrest in Postwar Countries: Village-Level Evidence from Nepal

Heterogeneous Effects of Development Aid on Violent Unrest in Postwar Countries: Village-Level Evidence from Nepal
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发展援助对战后国家暴力骚乱的异质性影响:来自尼泊尔的村庄级证据

DOI:
10.1093/isq/sqz090
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Alexander de
Alexander de
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alexander de

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内战结束后,许多国家都经历了大规模的援助激增。然而,由于地方一级持续存在的分歧和低质量的国家机构,业务环境往往仍然特别敏感。因此,提供援助有可能引发分配冲突和暴力动荡——尤其是当资源被注入社会异质性高或国家管理特别薄弱的地区时。我以战后尼泊尔为例来研究这一论点。我将地理编码的援助数据与各种形式的暴力骚乱、社会人口统计和制度质量的村级信息结合起来。该小组的分析表明,援助对社会动荡有积极的短期影响。更细致的估计表明,这种影响是由针对非国家行为者的暴力行为的短期升级所驱动的,特别是在表现不佳的地方一级国家机构管理下的民族分裂村庄。描述性的跨国分析表明,在其他战后背景下,援助可能具有类似的诱发暴力的作用。
Many countries experience massive aid surges when civil wars end. However, operational contexts tend to remain particularly sensitive due to a combination of persisting local-level cleavages and low-quality state institutions. Consequently, aid provision risks inciting distributional conflicts and violent unrest—most notably when resources are injected into areas of high social heterogeneity or particularly weak state administration. I investigate this argument in the case of postwar Nepal. I combine geo-coded aid data with village-level information on various forms of violent unrest, as well as on social demographics and institutional quality. The panel analyses indicate positive short-term effects of aid on social unrest. More fine-grained estimations reveal that this effect is driven by a short-term escalation of violence against nonstate actors—in particular in ethnically fractionalized villages under the administration of weakly performing local-level state institutions. Descriptive cross-country analyses indicate that aid may have similar violence-inducing effects in other postwar contexts.
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