Spatio-temporal orientation of microtubules controls conical cell shape in Arabidopsis thaliana petals.
Spatio-temporal orientation of microtubules controls conical cell shape in Arabidopsis thaliana petals.
复制标题
微管的时空方向控制拟南芥花瓣的圆锥形细胞形状
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006851
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Lin D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ren H;Dang X;Cai X;Yu P;Li Y;Zhang S;Liu M;Chen B;Lin D
表皮细胞的生理功能在很大程度上取决于其多样的形态。大多数开花植物具有特殊的圆锥形花瓣表皮细胞，被认为影响光捕获和反射，并提供传粉者抓握，但控制圆锥形细胞形状的分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们开发了一种实时共聚焦成像方法来量化拟南芥（A。thaliana）。通过遗传筛选，我们确定了katanin（KTN1）突变体显示锥状细胞尖端锐化减少的表型。此外，我们证明，SPIKE1和Rho的植物（ROP）GTP酶所需的圆锥形细胞的最终形状形成，KTN 1。活细胞成像显示，野生型细胞表现出随机取向的皮质微管阵列在早期发育阶段，但显示出良好的有序的微管阵列在后期的圆周方向。相比之下，KTN1的缺失阻止了随机微管网络转变为有序阵列。我们进一步表明，丝状肌动蛋白帽，这是一个典型的功能，包括根毛和叶毛的几种植物表皮细胞类型，没有观察到在细胞发育过程中的圆锥细胞的生长顶点。此外，我们的遗传学和药理学数据表明，微管，而不是肌动蛋白所需的锥形细胞成形。总之，我们的研究结果提供了一种新的成像方法，研究花瓣圆锥形细胞形态发生，并表明微管阵列的时空组织在控制圆锥形细胞形状中起着至关重要的作用。
The physiological functions of epidermal cells are largely determined by their diverse morphologies. Most flowering plants have special conical-shaped petal epidermal cells that are thought to influence light capture and reflectance, and provide pollinator grips, but the molecular mechanisms controlling conical cell shape remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a live-confocal imaging approach to quantify geometric parameters of conical cells in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). Through genetic screens, we identified katanin (KTN1) mutants showing a phenotype of decreased tip sharpening of conical cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SPIKE1 and Rho of Plants (ROP) GTPases were required for the final shape formation of conical cells, as KTN1 does. Live-cell imaging showed that wild-type cells exhibited random orientation of cortical microtubule arrays at early developmental stages but displayed a well-ordered circumferential orientation of microtubule arrays at later stages. By contrast, loss of KTN1 prevented random microtubule networks from shifting into well-ordered arrays. We further showed that the filamentous actin cap, which is a typical feature of several plant epidermal cell types including root hairs and leaf trichomes, was not observed in the growth apexes of conical cells during cell development. Moreover, our genetic and pharmacological data suggested that microtubules but not actin are required for conical cell shaping. Together, our results provide a novel imaging approach for studying petal conical cell morphogenesis and suggest that the spatio-temporal organization of microtubule arrays plays crucial roles in controlling conical cell shape.
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