The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome.

The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.027
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发表时间:
2016-11-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Mazmanian, Sarkis K.
Mazmanian, Sarkis K.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sharon, Gil;Sampson, Timothy R.;Geschwind, Daniel H.;Mazmanian, Sarkis K.

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神经发育是一个由内在和外在信号共同调控的复杂过程。虽然历史上是通过对大脑的研究来进行探索的,但来自外周的输入会影响许多神经疾病。事实上,新出现的数据表明,在焦虑、抑郁、认知以及自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)中,肠道和大脑之间存在着信息交流。一个健康、功能正常的大脑的发育取决于关键的产前和产后事件,这些事件整合了环境线索,比如来自肠道的分子信号。这些线索主要源于微生物组,即存在于所有动物体内的共生细菌群落。过去几年的研究显示,肠道微生物组在基本的神经发生过程中发挥作用,比如血脑屏障的形成、髓鞘形成、神经发生以及小胶质细胞的成熟,并且还调节动物行为的许多方面。在此,我们讨论神经发育和微生物组的生物学交集,并探究肠道细菌是神经系统发育和功能以及心理健康和疾病之间平衡的不可或缺的贡献者这一假说。
Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many neurological conditions. Indeed, emerging data suggests communication between the gut and the brain in anxiety, depression, cognition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of a healthy, functional brain depends on key pre- and post-natal events that integrate environmental cues, such as molecular signals from the gut. These cues largely originate from the microbiome, the consortium of symbiotic bacteria that reside within all animals. Research over the past few years reveals that the gut microbiome plays a role in basic neurogenerative processes such as the formation of the blood-brain-barrier, myelination, neurogenesis, and microglia maturation, and also modulates many aspects of animal behavior. Herein, we discuss the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and the microbiome, and explore the hypothesis that gut bacteria are integral contributors to development and function of the nervous system, and the balance between mental health and disease.
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