Learning the statistics of pronoun reference: By word or by category?
Learning the statistics of pronoun reference: By word or by category?
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学习代词参考的统计：按单词还是按类别？
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105546
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Arnold, Jennifer E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ye, Yining;Arnold, Jennifer E.
有证据表明，读者倾向于遵循最近遇到的模式来解释含糊的代词。如果最近曝光的内容包括带有介词宾语先行词的频繁代词(例如，“Matt和Ana一起去了图书馆。她拿出了一本书)，人们适应并更有可能将模棱两可的代词分配给介词先行词，而不是接触到带有主语先行词的代词(Johnson&Arnold，2022)。然而，目前还不清楚人们如何对不同的指称结构进行分类，以及他们进行概括的范围有多广。Johnson和Arnold(2022)发现，人们可以学习特定于第三人称代词的指称关系和先行语的句法或主位属性。目前的研究使用这一范式来测试人们对不同类型的代词和先行词类别的泛化程度。人们习惯于把“他”和“她”归为单独的词，还是归为一个总的类别？(实验1)。人们是根据不同的动词结构(转移或联合作用)和主位角色单独学习代词的可能先行词，还是广泛地按语法功能来学习？(实验2和实验3)。参与者被反复接触到特定类型的代词或先行词的指称结构，然后接受关于歧义代词的测试。所有实验都表明，代词顺应从代词和先行词的广义范畴推广到新的实例。
Evidence shows that readers tend to follow recently-encountered patterns for interpreting ambiguous pronouns. If recent exposure includes frequent pronouns with prepositional object antecedents (e.g., “Matt went to the library with Ana. She took out a book”), people adapt and are more likely to assign ambiguous pronouns to prepositional antecedents than if they were exposed to pronouns with subject antecedents (Johnson & Arnold, 2022). However, it is unclear how people categorize different referential structures and how broadly they make generalizations. Johnson and Arnold (2022) found that people can learn a referential relationship specific to third-person pronouns and an antecedent's syntactic or thematic properties. The current study uses this paradigm to test how broadly people generalize categories of different types of pronouns and antecedents. Do people adapt to the behavior of categorizing “he” and “she” as individual words, or as a general class? (Experiment 1). Do people learn about likely antecedents for pronouns separately for different verb constructions (transfer vs. joint-action) and thematic roles, or broadly by grammatical function? (Experiments 2 & 3). Participants were repeatedly exposed to a referential structure of a particular type of pronouns or antecedents, and then were tested on ambiguous pronouns. All experiments showed that pronoun adaptation generalizes to new instances from the broad categorization of pronouns and antecedents.
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