Not all minds that wander are lost: the importance of a balanced perspective on the mind-wandering state.
Not all minds that wander are lost: the importance of a balanced perspective on the mind-wandering state.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00441
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Andrews-Hanna J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smallwood J;Andrews-Hanna J
清醒的头脑经常被精神内容所占据，而这些精神内容几乎不受此时此地事件的限制。这些自我产生的想法——例如走神或做白日梦——会干扰外部任务的表现，并且可能是不快乐甚至精神问题的标志。它们还占据了我们一半以上的思考时间，并且在要求不高的情况下，它们（i）使我们能够将过去和未来的自己联系在一起，（ii）帮助我们制定成功的长期计划，并且（iii）可以提供创造性灵感的来源。心灵自我产生思想的时间，加上其明显的功能，表明心灵对这种认知的重视程度高于许多其他心理活动。尽管走神对于经历过它的人来说可能是不愉快的，并且会破坏当前的任务，但自我产生的思想允许意识从此时此地自由，因此反映了心灵的一个关键的进化适应。在这里，我们综合了认知心理学和临床心理学的最新文献，并提出了两个正式的假设：（1）强调任务背景和思维内容是限制自我生成思维的成本和收益的关键因素；（2）为从公正的角度调查成本和收益的方法提供方向。
The waking mind is often occupied with mental contents that are minimally constrained by events in the here and now. These self-generated thoughts—e.g., mind-wandering or daydreaming—interfere with external task performance and can be a marker for unhappiness and even psychiatric problems. They also occupy our thoughts for upwards of half of the time, and under non-demanding conditions they (i) allow us to connect our past and future selves together, (ii) help us make successful long-term plans and (iii) can provide a source of creative inspiration. The lengths that the mind goes to self-generate thought, coupled with its apparent functionality, suggest that the mind places a higher priority on such cognition than on many other mental acts. Although mind-wandering may be unpleasant for the individual who experiences it and disruptive to the tasks of the moment, self-generated thought allows consciousness freedom from the here and now and so reflects a key evolutionary adaptation for the mind. Here we synthesize recent literature from cognitive and clinical psychology and propose two formal hypotheses that (1) highlight task context and thought content as critical factors that constrain the costs and benefits of self-generated thought and (2) provide direction on ways to investigate the costs and benefits from an impartial perspective.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858411403316
发表时间：
2012-06
期刊：
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrews-Hanna JR
通讯作者：
Andrews-Hanna JR
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R.;Reidler, Jay S.;Buckner, Randy L.
通讯作者：
Buckner, Randy L.
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Kane, Michael J.;Brown, Leslie H.;Kwapil, Thomas R.
通讯作者：
Kwapil, Thomas R.
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
KLINGER, E
通讯作者：
KLINGER, E
DOI：
10.1111/j.2164-0947.1970.tb02056.x
发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
ANTROBUS, JS;SINGER, JL;FORTGANG, M
通讯作者：
FORTGANG, M