cAMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and now cGMP: bacteria use them all!
cAMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and now cGMP: bacteria use them all!
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07514.x
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发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gomelsky M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gomelsky M
环核苷酸第二信使代表了生命所有领域的基石信号转导机制。环腺苷 3', 5'-单磷酸 (cAMP) 和环鸟苷 3', 5'-单磷酸 (cGMP) 是真核生物中最重要的核苷酸信使。几十年来，人们已经知道细菌利用 cAMP 来控制各种过程，从替代糖的利用到运动性和毒力。然而，直到现在，cGMP 参与细菌信号转导最多仍存在争议（Linder，2010 年综述）。这场争论现在已经结束了。印第安纳大学的 Carl Bauer 和他的同事在本期《分子微生物学》中提供了明确的证据，证明 Alphaproteobacter Rhodospirillum centenum 合成 cGMP 并通过 cGMP 依赖性转录因子利用它来调节发育过程。在核苷酸信使中，cGMP 代表了真核生物独占性的最后堡垒。现在这个堡垒已经沦陷。在过去的几年里，细菌环核苷酸信使的范围一直在迅速扩大（图1）。几年前，一种新的环核苷酸（更准确地说，环二核苷酸），环二聚体 GMP (c-di-GMP) 在 80 年代中期在希伯来大学 Moshe Benziman 实验室中发现（Ross 等，1987），从默默无闻到成为无处不在的第二信使的众人瞩目（Ryjenkov 等，2005）。现在已知 c-di-GMP 可以控制变形菌从单细胞运动状态到表面附着的多细胞状态的转变。在多细胞状态下，c-di-GMP 通过多种机制调节细胞外多糖、粘附蛋白、菌毛和鞭毛的产生，在生物膜的形成和溶解中发挥核心作用（Wolfe 和 Visick，2009）。
Cyclic nucleotide second messengers represent a cornerstone signal transduction mechanism in all domains of life. Cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate (cGMP) are the most important nucleotide messengers in eukaryotes. For several decades, bacteria have been known to use cAMP to control a variety of processes, from utilization of alternative sugars to motility and virulence. However, until now, the involvement of cGMP in bacterial signaling has been at best controversial (reviewed in Linder, 2010). This controversy is now over. Carl Bauer from Indiana University and his colleagues in this issue of Molecular Microbiology provide unambiguous evidence that the Alphaproteobacterium Rhodospirillum centenum synthesizes cGMP and uses it for regulation of a developmental process via the cGMP-dependent transcription factor. Among nucleotide messengers, cGMP represented the last bastion of eukaryotic exclusivity; and that bastion has now fallen.Over the last few years, the universe of bacterial cyclic nucleotide messengers has been rapidly expanding (Fig. 1). A few years ago, a new cyclic nucleotide (more precisely, cyclic dinucleotide), cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) discovered in Moshe Benziman’s lab at Hebrew University in the mid-80s (Ross et al., 1987), rose from obscurity to the limelight of a ubiquitous second messenger (Ryjenkov et al., 2005). c-di-GMP is now known to control a transition in the Proteobacteria from a single-cell motile state to a surface-attached multicellular state. In the multicellular state, c-di-GMP plays a central role in formation and dissolution of biofilms by regulating—via diverse mechanisms—production of extracellular polysaccharides, adhesive proteins, pili and flagella (Wolfe and Visick, 2009).
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Berleman, JE;Hasselbring, BM;Bauer, CE
通讯作者：
Bauer, CE
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Linder, Juergen U.
通讯作者：
Linder, Juergen U.
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Romling, Ute
通讯作者：
Romling, Ute
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ryjenkov, DA;Tarutina, M;Gomelsky, M
通讯作者：
Gomelsky, M
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Sunahara, RK;Beuve, A;Gilman, AG
通讯作者：
Gilman, AG