Glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Promote LPS-Induced NOX2 Oxidase- and IFN-β-Dependent Inflammation in Macrophages.

Glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Promote LPS-Induced NOX2 Oxidase- and IFN-β-Dependent Inflammation in Macrophages.
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DOI:
10.3390/antiox11081488
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发表时间:
2022-07-29
期刊:
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
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当巨噬细胞接触革兰氏阴性细菌脂多糖 (LPS) 时,会经历从氧化磷酸化到糖酵解的代谢转变,从而调节抗菌宿主防御机制。在这里,我们发现巨噬细胞的 LPS 处理通过 NADPH 氧化酶 (NOX) 2 酶增加了经典的氧化爆发反应,而这种反应被 2-脱氧葡萄糖 (2-DG) 糖酵解抑制所阻断。用 6-氨基烟酰胺 (6-AN) 抑制戊糖磷酸途径也抑制了 LPS 诱导的 NOX2 活性增加,并与 NOX2 及其组织蛋白 p47phox 的 mRNA 表达显着降低相关。值得注意的是,LPS 依赖性 NOX2 氧化酶活性的增强与琥珀酸和线粒体活性氧 (ROS) 的产生无关。 LPS 还增加 I 型 IFN-β 的表达,该表达被 2-DG 和 6-AN 抑制,因此依赖于糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径。 I 型 IFN-β 对 LPS 的反应也受到夹竹桃麻素预处理的抑制,表明 NOX2 衍生的 ROS 促进 TLR4 诱导的对 LPS 的反应。此外,重组IFN-β增加了NOX2氧化酶依赖性ROS的产生,以及NOX2和p47phox的表达。我们的研究结果确定了一种先前未描述的分子机制,其中糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径都需要促进 LPS 诱导的巨噬细胞炎症。
Macrophages undergo a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis when exposed to gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which modulates antibacterial host defence mechanisms. Here, we show that LPS treatment of macrophages increased the classical oxidative burst response via the NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 enzyme, which was blocked by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) inhibition of glycolysis. The inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) also suppressed the LPS-induced increase in NOX2 activity and was associated with a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of NOX2 and its organizer protein p47phox. Notably, the LPS-dependent enhancement in NOX2 oxidase activity was independent of both succinate and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LPS also increased type I IFN-β expression, which was suppressed by 2-DG and 6-AN and, therefore, is dependent on glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. The type I IFN-β response to LPS was also inhibited by apocynin pre-treatment, suggesting that NOX2-derived ROS promotes the TLR4-induced response to LPS. Moreover, recombinant IFN-β increased NOX2 oxidase-dependent ROS production, as well as NOX2 and p47phox expression. Our findings identify a previously undescribed molecular mechanism where both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway are required to promote LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages.
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