Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction.
Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13293-018-0178-6
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发表时间：
2018-05-29
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Dunn IC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caughey SD;Wilson PW;Mukhtar N;Brocklehurst S;Reid A;D'Eath RB;Boswell T;Dunn IC
对能量平衡和生长的研究很少考虑遗传性别，但在整个动物王国中，生长存在性别二型性。我们测试的假设，在鸡，弓状核神经肽基因的表达存在性别差异，因为以前的研究表明，下丘脑AGRP的表达与生长潜力，男性比女性生长更快。由于在某些鸡系中生长受到严重选择，因此有必要限制食物以改善繁殖性能和福利，但这会增加饥饿。已经提出了饮食稀释来改善这种不良影响。我们的目的是区分肠道饱胀和营养反馈对下丘脑基因表达的影响及其与性别的相互作用。将15周龄雄性和雌性快速生长鸡从限制中释放，并自由采食或限制饮食加15% w/w ispaghula壳（一种非营养性填充剂），持续2天。对照组保持数量限制。下丘脑弓状核神经肽的测定采用实时定量PCR。为了确认观察到的性别差异，仅使用自由采食和限制性饲喂的快速生长鸡以及遗传上不同的自由采食雄性和雌性鸡品种重复实验。使用线性混合模型（Genstat 18）进行统计分析，适当时进行转换。存在明显的性别差异：促食欲基因AGRP（P < 0.001）和NPY（P < 0.002）在快速生长品系的雄性中表达较高。在遗传上不同的鸡，男性有较高的AGRP mRNA（P = 0.002）的表达比女性，这表明性别差异并不局限于快速增长的菌株。AGRP（P < 0.001）的表达在自由采食的鸟中显著降低，但在定量与定性限制饮食的鸟之间是高的且不可区分的。然而，厌食基因POMC和CART的基因表达在随意喂养的鸟类中显著更高，但没有观察到一致的性别差异。不同性别鸡下丘脑中促食欲肽的表达量存在显著差异。如果AGRP是增长潜力的指标，这可能是进一步调查的有用起点。结果还表明，肠道填充单独不减少食欲基因的表达。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s13293-018-0178-6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that in the chicken, there is a sex difference in arcuate nucleus neuropeptide gene expression, since previous research indicates hypothalamic AGRP expression is correlated with growth potential and that males grow faster than females. Because growth has been heavily selected in some chicken lines, food restriction is necessary to improve reproductive performance and welfare, but this increases hunger. Dietary dilution has been proposed to ameliorate this undesirable effect. We aimed to distinguish the effects of gut fullness from nutritional feedback on hypothalamic gene expression and its interaction with sex. Twelve-week-old male and female fast-growing chickens were either released from restriction and fed ad libitum or a restricted diet plus 15% w/w ispaghula husk, a non-nutritive bulking agent, for 2 days. A control group remained on quantitative restriction. Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neuropeptides were measured using real-time PCR. To confirm observed sex differences, the experiment was repeated using only ad libitum and restricted fed fast-growing chickens and in a genetically distinct breed of ad libitum fed male and female chickens. Linear mixed models (Genstat 18) were used for statistical analysis with transformation where appropriate. There were pronounced sex differences: expression of the orexigenic genes AGRP (P < 0.001) and NPY (P < 0.002) was higher in males of the fast-growing strain. In genetically distinct chickens, males had higher AGRP mRNA (P = 0.002) expression than females, suggesting sex difference was not restricted to a fast-growing strain. AGRP (P < 0.001) expression was significantly decreased in ad libitum fed birds but was high and indistinguishable between birds on a quantitative versus qualitative restricted diet. Inversely, gene expression of the anorectic genes POMC and CART was significantly higher in ad libitum fed birds but no consistent sex differences were observed. Expression of orexigenic peptides in the avian hypothalamus are significantly different between sexes. This could be useful starting point of investigating further if AGRP is an indicator of growth potential. Results also demonstrate that gut fill alone does not reduce orexigenic gene expression. The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0178-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Arnold, Arthur P.;Chen, Xuqi;Link, Jenny C.;Itoh, Yuichiro;Reue, Karen
通讯作者：
Reue, Karen
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Dunn IC;Wilson PW;D'Eath RB;Boswell T
通讯作者：
Boswell T
影响因子：
8.1
作者：
Burke LK;Doslikova B;D'Agostino G;Greenwald-Yarnell M;Georgescu T;Chianese R;Martinez de Morentin PB;Ogunnowo-Bada E;Cansell C;Valencia-Torres L;Garfield AS;Apergis-Schoute J;Lam DD;Speakman JR;Rubinstein M;Low MJ;Rochford JJ;Myers MG;Evans ML;Heisler LK
通讯作者：
Heisler LK
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Dixon, Laura M.;Brocklehurst, Sarah;D'Eath, Rick B.
通讯作者：
D'Eath, Rick B.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Clinton, M;Haines, L;McBride, D
通讯作者：
McBride, D