Cell-autonomous sex determination outside of the gonad.
Cell-autonomous sex determination outside of the gonad.
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.23936
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Reue, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, Arthur P.;Chen, Xuqi;Link, Jenny C.;Itoh, Yuichiro;Reue, Karen
关键词：
哺乳动物性别决定的经典模型指出，个体的性别是由发育的性腺类型决定的，而性腺类型又决定了性腺激素环境，从而在性腺之外产生性别差异。然而，由于 X 和 Y 基因的细胞自主性别偏向作用，XX 和 XY 细胞本质上是不同的。最近对小鼠的研究表明，性染色体补体与性腺性别无关，表明性染色体补体对代谢等表型的性别差异具有很强的影响作用。具有两条 X 染色体的成年小鼠（相对于具有一条 X 染色体的小鼠）在性腺切除术后，无论其性腺性别如何，体重和肥胖都会显着增加。与 XY 小鼠相比，当喂食高脂肪饮食时，XX 小鼠会出现显着的高胰岛素血症和脂肪肝。性染色体效应受性腺激素的存在调节，表明性腺激素和性染色体基因的性别偏向效应之间存在相互作用。在许多表型的小鼠中检测到其他细胞自主性染色体效应。由于无效的性染色体剂量补偿机制，鸟类（相对于真兽类哺乳动物）预计在非性腺组织中表现出更广泛的细胞自主性别决定。
The classic model of sex determination in mammals states that the sex of the individual is determined by the type of gonad that develops, which in turn determines the gonadal hormonal milieu that creates sex differences outside of the gonads. However, XX and XY cells are intrinsically different because of the cell-autonomous sex-biasing action of X and Y genes. Recent studies of mice, in which sex chromosome complement is independent of gonadal sex, reveal that sex chromosome complement has strong effects contributing to sex differences in phenotypes such as metabolism. Adult mice with two X chromosomes (relative to mice with one X chromosome) show dramatically greater increases in body weight and adiposity after gonadectomy, irrespective of their gonadal sex. When fed a high fat diet, XX mice develop striking hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver, relative to XY mice. The sex chromosome effects are modulated by the presence of gonadal hormones, indicating an interaction of the sex-biasing effects of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome genes. Other cell-autonomous sex chromosome effects are detected in mice in many phenotypes. Birds (relative to eutherian mammals) are expected to show more widespread cell-autonomous sex determination in non-gonadal tissues, because of ineffective sex chromosome dosage compensation mechanisms.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
ARNOLD, AP;SCHLINGER, BA
通讯作者：
SCHLINGER, BA
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Arnold, Arthur P.;Chen, Xuqi
通讯作者：
Chen, Xuqi
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arnold, AP
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
影响因子：
25
作者：
Carruth, LL;Reisert, I;Arnold, AP
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arnold AP
通讯作者：
Arnold AP