Determinants of the university technology transfer policy-mix: a cross-national analysis of gap-funding instruments

Determinants of the university technology transfer policy-mix: a cross-national analysis of gap-funding instruments
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大学技术转让政策组合的决定因素:缺口资助工具的跨国分析

DOI:
10.1007/s10961-015-9448-1
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
The Journal of Technology Transfer
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Munari F
Munari F
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Munari F

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大学-产业技术转让日益制度化,并得到国家、区域和大学各级众多改革和举措的支持。大多数国家实施了一套政策组合,包括一系列支持研究商业化的手段。然而,没有系统的证据表明为什么各国的政策工具组合不同。这项研究提供了一个新的跨国调查的政策组合,强调集中和分散的政策工具的水平。我们绘制并分析了两种特定类型的公共工具,旨在解决所谓的资金缺口在TT:概念证明计划(POC)和大学导向的种子基金(USF)。根据对21个欧洲国家的调查,我们发现,这些工具被广泛使用,但根据国家实施TT做法的水平和所考虑的工具的具体类型,它们的组织方式不同。更确切地说,我们发现,中央缺口融资工具的使用与国家实施技术转让做法之间存在U型关系。此外,缺口供资工具的类型(POC或USF)调节了这种关系。我们讨论了我们的研究结果的影响,并建议,政策组合的缺口融资工具的发展与成熟的国家TT基础设施。
University–industry technology transfer (TT) has become increasingly institutionalized and is supported by numerous reforms and initiatives at the national, regional and university levels. Most countries have implemented a policy mix involving a range of instruments to support the commercialization of research. Still, there is no systematic evidence indicating why the mix of policy instruments differs between countries. This study offers a novel cross-national investigation of the policy mix emphasizing the level of centralization and decentralization of policy instruments. We map and analyze two specific types of public instruments aimed at addressing the so-called funding gap in TT: proof of concept programs (POCs) and university-oriented seed funds (USFs). Based on a survey across 21 European countries, we find that such instruments are widely used but are organized differently depending on the level of implementation of TT practices in the country and the specific type of instrument considered. More precisely, we find a U-shaped relationship between the use of centralized gap-funding instruments and the country’s implementation of TT practices. Moreover, the type of gap-funding instrument (POC or USF) moderates this relationship. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest that the policy mix of gap-funding instruments evolve with the maturity of the national TT infrastructure.
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