Evidence against emotion inference deficits in children with ADHD.
Evidence against emotion inference deficits in children with ADHD.
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DOI：
10.1037/emo0000732
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kofler MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wells EL;Groves NB;Day TN;Harmon SL;Soto EF;Miller CE;Kofler MJ
不一致的证据表明，儿童多动症可能与使用上下文线索推断他人情绪状态的能力受损有关。然而，这些障碍的证据基础是由基于实验室的情感推理测试的数据组成的，这些数据可能会被与ADHD相关的非情感认知过程的需求所混淆。目前的研究建立在我们以前的面部情绪识别的研究，以解决这一限制，并调查儿童的能力，推断情绪状态的背景线索的潜在机制。为此，我们使用了一个完全交叉的，平衡的实验设计，系统地操纵情绪推理和工作记忆的需求，在77个仔细的表型儿童8-13岁（法师=10.46，SD=1.54; 66%白人/非西班牙裔; 42%女性）与多动症（n=42）和没有多动症（n=35）。贝叶斯混合模型方差分析结果表明，使用语境线索推断他人情绪状态与工作记忆中的信息复述/维持过程竞争神经认知资源（BF 10 =1.57×1019，d=0.72）。重要的是，对于响应时间（BF 01 =4.93），有显著证据反对关键组x条件相互作用，而对于准确度（BF 01 =2.40），没有显著证据表明这种相互作用。换句话说，患有ADHD的儿童并不比没有ADHD的儿童更慢地推断情绪（d=0.13），并且他们在准确性方面的小幅度损害（d=0.30）可归因于他们在选择反应任务上的准确性通常较低（即，在情绪和控制条件下）。综上所述，证据表明，情绪推理能力在儿童ADHD中可能未受损害，并且工作记忆与所有儿童从上下文推断情绪的能力有关-不仅仅是ADHD儿童。
Inconsistent evidence suggests that pediatric ADHD may be associated with impairments in the ability to use context clues to infer the emotion states of others. However, the evidence base for these impairments is comprised of data from laboratory-based tests of emotion inference that may be confounded by demands on non-affective cognitive processes that have been linked with ADHD. The current study builds on our previous study of facial affect recognition to address this limitation and investigate a potential mechanism underlying children’s ability to infer emotion state from context clues. To do so, we used a fully-crossed, counterbalanced experimental design that systematically manipulated emotion inference and working memory demands in 77 carefully-phenotyped children ages 8–13 (Mage=10.46, SD=1.54; 66% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic; 42% female) with ADHD (n=42) and without ADHD (n=35). Results of Bayesian mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that using context clues to infer the emotion state of others competed for neurocognitive resources with the processes involved in rehearsing/maintaining information within working memory (BF10=1.57×1019, d=0.72). Importantly, there was significant evidence against the critical group x condition interaction for response times (BF01=4.93), and no significant evidence for this interaction for accuracy (BF01=2.40). In other words, children with ADHD do not infer emotions more slowly than children without ADHD (d=0.13), and their small magnitude impairment in accuracy (d=0.30) was attributable to their generally less accurate performance on choice-response tasks (i.e., across both emotion and control conditions). Taken together, the evidence indicates that emotion inference abilities are likely unimpaired in pediatric ADHD and that working memory is implicated in the ability to infer emotion from context for all children – not just children with ADHD.
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