Understanding active sampling strategies: Empirical approaches and implications for attention and decision research.

Understanding active sampling strategies: Empirical approaches and implications for attention and decision research.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.019
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发表时间:
2018-05
期刊:
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gottlieb J
Gottlieb J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gottlieb J

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在自然行为中,我们利用注意力和主动感知行为(例如目光的转移)主动收集信息来采样相关线索。然而,虽然注意力和决策是自然协调的,但在实验室中它们却是分离的。注意力的研究与其所服务的行为无关。相反,决策理论做出了简化的假设,即相关信息被提供给决策者,并且不试图描述她如何学习和实施主动抽样策略。在本文中,我回顾了最近针对人类和非人类灵长类动物的注意力学习、线索有效性和信息寻求问题的研究。这些研究表明,学习抽样政策涉及注意力网络和评价网络之间的大规模互动,并且这些政策是由奖励最大化、不确定性减少和认知状态的内在效用所激发的。我讨论了使用此类范式来形式化注意力的作用以及设计更现实的决策理论以捕获更广泛的经验观察的重要性。
In natural behavior we actively gather information using attention and active sensing behaviors (such as shifts of gaze) to sample relevant cues. However, while attention and decision making are naturally coordinated, in the laboratory they have been dissociated. Attention is studied independently of the actions it serves. Conversely, decision theories make the simplifying assumption that the relevant information is given to the decision maker, and do not attempt to describe how she may learn and implement active sampling policies. In this paper I review recent studies that address questions of attentional learning, cue validity and information seeking in humans and non-human primates. These studies suggest that learning a sampling policy involves large scale interactions between networks of attention and valuation, and that these policies are motivated by reward maximization, uncertainty reduction and the intrinsic utility of cognitive states. I discuss the importance of using such paradigms for formalizing the role of attention and devising more realistic theories of decision making that capture a broader range of empirical observations.
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