Closed-loop enhancement and neural decoding of cognitive control in humans.

Closed-loop enhancement and neural decoding of cognitive control in humans.
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人类认知控制的闭环增强和神经解码。

DOI:
10.1038/s41551-021-00804-y
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发表时间:
2023-04
影响因子:
28.1
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
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认知控制方面的缺陷——也就是为了做出适应性更强的选择而保留默认的优势反应的能力——在抑郁、焦虑、成瘾和其他精神疾病中很常见。在这里,我们报告了概念证明的证据,在接受颅内癫痫监测的参与者中,闭环直接刺激内囊或纹状体,特别是背侧部位,可以增强参与者在冲突任务中的认知控制。我们还表明,在检测认知控制失误时,闭环刺激比开环刺激产生更大的行为变化,并且单次试验的任务表现可以直接从少量电极的活动中解码,通过与现有闭环大脑植入物兼容的神经特征。认知控制的闭环增强可能纠正潜在的认知缺陷,并有助于治疗严重的精神障碍。
Deficits in cognitive control — that is, in the ability to withhold a default prepotent response in favour of a more adaptive choice — are common in depression, anxiety, addiction and in other mental disorders. Here, we report proof-of-concept evidence that, in participants undergoing intracranial epilepsy monitoring, closed-loop direct stimulation of the internal capsule or striatum, especially the dorsal sites, enhances the participants’ cognitive control during a conflict task. We also show that closed-loop stimulation upon the detection of lapses in cognitive control produced larger behavioural changes than open-loop stimulation, and that task performance for single trials can be directly decoded from the activity of a small number of electrodes, via neural features that are compatible with existing closed-loop brain implants. Closed-loop enhancement of cognitive control might remediate underlying cognitive deficits and aid the treatment of severe mental disorders.
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