Constructing cities, deconstructing scaling laws.
Constructing cities, deconstructing scaling laws.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2014.0745
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发表时间：
2015-01-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Batty M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arcaute E;Hatna E;Ferguson P;Youn H;Johansson A;Batty M
可以通过不同的城市措施对城市进行特征化和建模。为了向城市科学迈进，这些可观察到的事物之间的一致性至关重要。Bettencourt等人提出，许多这些城市措施可以通过普遍标度定律来预测。我们开发了一个框架来一致地定义城市，使用通勤和人口密度阈值，并构建了数千个具有不同边界的英格兰和威尔士城市系统的实现。这些指标是对大量城市指标进行尺度分析的实验室。分析表明，人口规模本身并不能像之前提出的那样为我们提供足够的信息来描述或预测城市的状态，这表明预期的比例定律没有得到证实。我们发现，无论城市边界的定义如何，大多数城市指标都与城市规模呈线性关系。然而，当存在非线性相关性时，指数波动很大。
Cities can be characterized and modelled through different urban measures. Consistency within these observables is crucial in order to advance towards a science of cities. Bettencourt et al. have proposed that many of these urban measures can be predicted through universal scaling laws. We develop a framework to consistently define cities, using commuting to work and population density thresholds, and construct thousands of realizations of systems of cities with different boundaries for England and Wales. These serve as a laboratory for the scaling analysis of a large set of urban indicators. The analysis shows that population size alone does not provide us enough information to describe or predict the state of a city as previously proposed, indicating that the expected scaling laws are not corroborated. We found that most urban indicators scale linearly with city size, regardless of the definition of the urban boundaries. However, when nonlinear correlations are present, the exponent fluctuates considerably.
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