Fear extinction in traumatized civilians with posttraumatic stress disorder: relation to symptom severity.
Fear extinction in traumatized civilians with posttraumatic stress disorder: relation to symptom severity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.013
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发表时间：
2011-03-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Ressler, Kerry J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norrholm, Seth D.;Jovanovic, Tanja;Olin, Ilana W.;Sands, Lauren A.;Karapanou, India;Bradley, Bekh;Ressler, Kerry J.
创伤后应激障碍的症状可以解释为，至少部分地，在安全的条件下无法抑制习得性恐惧。我们的研究小组已经表明，恐惧抑制在战斗和平民PTSD人群中都受到了损害。基于我们早期的研究结果，我们采用了一个既定的恐惧消退范式，以进一步探讨恐惧失调的平民创伤人口。在127名有和没有PTSD的创伤暴露个体中检查了恐惧增强的惊吓。我们使用了一个实验方案，首先通过呈现一种颜色的形状（强化条件刺激，CS+）和一种不同颜色的形状（非强化条件刺激，CS-）来获得条件恐惧，其中一种颜色的形状与喉部的厌恶性气流（非条件刺激，US）配对，另一种颜色的形状与气流不配对。10分钟后，通过重复呈现CS而不强化，恐惧被消除。两组都表现出成功的恐惧条件反射的基础上惊吓和美国的期望评级，然而，与没有PTSD的组相比，PTSD的参与者显示出更大的恐惧增强惊吓反应的CS+和CS-。在恐惧消退期间，PTSD组在消退的早期和中期对先前强化的CS+表现出升高的恐惧增强惊吓反应。在获得和消退阶段，与具有较低再体验症状的PTSD参与者相比，具有较高再体验症状水平的PTSD参与者对CS+表现出更大的增强惊吓反应。这些结果表明，创伤后应激障碍与增强的恐惧学习以及获得条件性恐惧后需要消除的更大的“恐惧负荷”有关。
The symptoms of PTSD can be explained, at least in part, as an inability to inhibit learned fear during conditions of safety. Our group has shown that fear inhibition is impaired in both combat and civilian PTSD populations. Based on our earlier findings, we employed an established fear extinction paradigm to further explore fear dysregulation in a civilian traumatized population. Fear-potentiated startle was examined in 127 trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD. We used a protocol in which conditioned fear was first acquired through the presentation of one colored shape (reinforced conditioned stimulus, CS+) that was paired with an aversive airblast to the larynx (unconditioned stimulus, US) and a different colored shape that was not paired to the airblast (nonreinforced condition stimulus, CS−). Fear was extinguished 10 minutes later through repeated presentations of the CSs without reinforcement. Both groups demonstrated successful fear conditioning based on startle and US-expectancy ratings, however, participants with PTSD displayed greater fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ and CS− compared to the group without PTSD. During fear extinction, the PTSD group showed elevated fear-potentiated startle responses to the previously reinforced CS+ during the early and middle stages of extinction. During the acquisition and extinction phases, PTSD participants with higher levels of re-experiencing symptoms exhibited greater potentiated startle responses to the CS+ compared to PTSD participants with lower re-experiencing symptoms. These results suggest that PTSD is associated with enhanced fear learning and a greater “fear load” to extinguish after conditioned fear is acquired.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Hofmann, SG;Meuret, AE;Otto, MW
通讯作者：
Otto, MW
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Binder, Elisabeth B.;Bradley, Rebekah G.;Ressler, Kerry J.
通讯作者：
Ressler, Kerry J.
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Davis, Michael;Ressler, Kerry;Richardson, Rick
通讯作者：
Richardson, Rick
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bernstein, DP;Stein, JA;Zule, W
通讯作者：
Zule, W
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Davis, M
通讯作者：
Davis, M