Role of ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Role of ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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ω3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸在减少心脏代谢危险因素中的作用。
DOI：
10.2174/187153011796429817
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Patten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Abeywardena;G. Patten
心血管疾病是许多经济发达国家死亡的主要原因，其发病率在新兴经济体中正在迅速增加。饮食和生活方式问题与无数心血管疾病风险因素密切相关，包括血脂异常、高血压、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病和肥胖，这表明以饮食为基础的方法可能有益。ω -3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（ω 3lc - pufa）越来越多地用于预防和管理几种心血管危险因素。ω3和ω6 PUFA家族都被认为是必需的，因为人体本身无法合成它们。两种途径的前体脂肪酸亚油酸（18:2ω6）和α-亚油酸（α18:3ω3）转化为长（≥C(20)） PUFA的效率不高。虽然在食品供应中有丰富的ω6 PUFA；在许多人群中，ω3 LC-PUFA的相对摄入量很低，卫生当局提倡增加食用。鱼油富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA, 20:5ω3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA, 22:6ω3），研究发现，在未治疗和治疗的高血压患者中，每天服用100克的鱼油可适度降低血压。虽然ω3 LC-PUFA的降血压作用可能有多种机制，但改善血管内皮细胞功能似乎起着核心作用。最近的研究评估了鱼油对2型糖尿病的潜在益处，有助于缓解一些先前研究中提出的担忧，这些研究使用了相对大剂量（5-8克/天），并报告了血糖控制的恶化。几项荟萃分析证实，ω3 LC-PUFA在胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病中最一致的作用是降低甘油三酯。在一些研究中，已经发现鱼油会导致低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的小幅上升，但也注意到低密度脂蛋白颗粒大小的变化，从较小的更容易导致动脉粥样硬化的形式到较大的，损害较小的颗粒大小。ω3 LC-PUFA是伴随几种心脏代谢异常的炎症的有效调节剂。考虑到其作用的多效性，可以得出结论，膳食补充ω3 LC-PUFA将导致心脏代谢健康参数的改善。这些脂肪酸只产生轻微的副作用，更重要的是，它们不会与高血压、血脂异常、2型糖尿病和肥胖/代谢综合征的治疗中常用的药物产生不良反应，但在某些情况下，它们会协同作用，从而提供额外的心血管益处。
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in many economically developed nations, and its incidence is increasing at a rapid rate in emerging economies. Diet and lifestyle issues are closely associated with a myriad of cardiovascular disease risk factors including abnormal plasma lipids, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity, suggesting that diet-based approaches may be of benefit. Omega-3 longchain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA) are increasingly being used in the prevention and management of several cardiovascular risk factors. Both the ω3 and ω6 PUFA families are considered essential, as the human body is itself unable to synthesize them. The conversion of the two precursor fatty acids - linoleic acid (18:2ω6) and α-linoleic acid (α18:3ω3) - of these two pathways to longer (≥C(20)) PUFA is inefficient. Although there is an abundance of ω6 PUFA in the food supply; in many populations the relative intake of ω3 LC-PUFA is low with health authorities advocating increased consumption. Fish oil, rich in eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6ω3) acids, has been found to cause a modest reduction in blood pressure at a dose level of >3g/d both in untreated and treated hypertensives. Whilst a multitude of mechanisms may contribute to the blood pressure lowering action of ω3 LC-PUFA, improved vascular endothelial cell function appears to play a central role. Recent studies which evaluated the potential benefits of fish oil in type-2 diabetes have helped to alleviate concerns raised in some previous studies which used relatively large dose (5-8 g/d) and reported a worsening of glycemic control. Several meta-analyses have confirmed that the most consistent action of ω3 LC-PUFA in insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes is the reduction in triglycerides. In some studies, fish oil has been found to cause a small rise in LDL-cholesterol, but a change in the LDL particle size, from the smaller more atherogenic form to the larger, less damaging particle size, have also been noted. ω3 LC-PUFA are effective modulators of the inflammation that accompanies several cardio-metabolic abnormalities. Taking into consideration the pleiotropic nature of their actions, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation with ω3 LC-PUFA will lead to improvements in cardio-metabolic health parameters. These fatty acids pose only minor side effects and more importantly, do not interact adversely with the common drug therapies used in the management and treatment of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type-2 diabetes, and obesity/metabolic syndrome, but in some instances work synergistically, thereby providing additional cardiovascular benefits.
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1670
发表时间：
2007-12
期刊：
The American journal of clinical nutrition
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Kabir;G. Skurnik;Nadia Naour;V. Pechtner;E. Meugnier;S. Rome;A. Quignard‐Boulangé;H. Vidal;G. Slama;K. Clément;M. Guerre-Millo;S. Rizkalla
通讯作者：
M. Kabir;G. Skurnik;Nadia Naour;V. Pechtner;E. Meugnier;S. Rome;A. Quignard‐Boulangé;H. Vidal;G. Slama;K. Clément;M. Guerre-Millo;S. Rizkalla
影响因子：
39.2
作者：
GLAUBER, H;WALLACE, P;BRECHTEL, G
通讯作者：
BRECHTEL, G
鱼油在高血压中的作用。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Yang,Hagen;Kenny,Anne
通讯作者：
Kenny,Anne
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Appel;E. Miller;A. Seidler;P. Whelton
通讯作者：
L. Appel;E. Miller;A. Seidler;P. Whelton
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Kelley, Darshan S.;Siegel, David;Mackey, Bruce E.
通讯作者：
Mackey, Bruce E.