Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2018.00405
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Ashwood P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hughes HK;Mills Ko E;Rose D;Ashwood P
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一组异质性神经系统疾病，其高度可变，临床特征为社交互动，沟通和刻板行为的缺陷。在美国，患病率从1972年的1/10，000上升到2014年的1/59。患病率的上升可能部分是由于更好的诊断和认识，然而，这些因素不能单独解释这种显著上升。虽然在大多数情况下，因果关系尚未得到证明，但目前的许多研究都集中在遗传和环境的综合影响上。引人注目的是，在过去的十年里，免疫功能障碍的一个独特的画面已经出现，并得到了许多独立研究的支持。免疫ASD难题中的许多参与者可能在机制上促成这些疾病的发病机制，包括偏斜的细胞因子反应，免疫细胞及其子集的总数和频率的差异，神经炎症，适应性和先天性免疫功能障碍，以及免疫球蛋白水平的改变和在大量ASD个体中发现的自身抗体的存在。本文综述了ASD、自身免疫和免疫功能障碍的最新研究，并讨论了ASD潜在的自身免疫成分的证据。
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurological disorders that are highly variable and are clinically characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication, and stereotypical behaviors. Prevalence has risen from 1 in 10,000 in 1972 to 1 in 59 children in the United States in 2014. This rise in prevalence could be due in part to better diagnoses and awareness, however, these together cannot solely account for such a significant rise. While causative connections have not been proven in the majority of cases, many current studies focus on the combined effects of genetics and environment. Strikingly, a distinct picture of immune dysfunction has emerged and been supported by many independent studies over the past decade. Many players in the immune-ASD puzzle may be mechanistically contributing to pathogenesis of these disorders, including skewed cytokine responses, differences in total numbers and frequencies of immune cells and their subsets, neuroinflammation, and adaptive and innate immune dysfunction, as well as altered levels of immunoglobulin and the presence of autoantibodies which have been found in a substantial number of individuals with ASD. This review summarizes the latest research linking ASD, autoimmunity and immune dysfunction, and discusses evidence of a potential autoimmune component of ASD.
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影响因子：
9.3
作者：
AL-Ayadhi LY;Mostafa GA
通讯作者：
Mostafa GA
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Asadabadi, Mahtab;Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza;Akhondzadeh, Shahin
通讯作者：
Akhondzadeh, Shahin
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
Braunschweig D;Krakowiak P;Duncanson P;Boyce R;Hansen RL;Ashwood P;Hertz-Picciotto I;Pessah IN;Van de Water J
通讯作者：
Van de Water J
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Ahmad, Sheikh F.;Nadeem, Ahmed;Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.
通讯作者：
Abd-Allah, Adel R. A.
影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Ashwood, P;Anthony, A;Wakefield, AJ
通讯作者：
Wakefield, AJ